摘要
为了解贻贝养殖生境表底层水体的鱼类组成差异,利用2013年11月和2014年2月在枸杞岛贻贝养殖海域采集的鱼类数据,采用多样性和相对渔获率指标结合聚类和排序方法,对表底层的鱼类组成、多样性、密度以及群落格局差异进行了分析。结果表明:鲻(Mugil cephalus)和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)为秋冬季贻贝养殖区表层水体的优势鱼类,而褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)和皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)分别为底层水体秋季和冬季的优势种;其中小黄鱼在养殖区的表底层皆有较大数量的分布;渔获率上,两季皆呈现表层高于底层的特征,除冬季的丰度渔获率外,其余皆有显著差异;鱼类在养殖区表层水体的平均丰度和生物量皆高于底层;多元分析显示,无论秋冬,表底层的鱼类群落格局皆有显著差异。可见,贻贝养殖设施相当于规模庞大的浮鱼礁系统,在泥质海域建设海洋牧场时,可结合类似浮体结构以增加海域立体养护能力;另一方面,可在养殖区底部增设人工鱼礁,以进一步发挥其海洋牧场效应。
Investigations on fish communities at the pelagic and bottom levels of mussel farming habitat were conducted in November of 2013 and February of 2014 respectively, in order tO study fish assemblage differences at the two water levels. Sampling stations were located at Gouqi Island of Ma＇ an Archipelago, Zhejiang Province. Species composition, diversity, relative abundance, biomass and community patterns of fish at the pelagic and benthic waters of mussel farming habi- tat were analyzed by using diversity indices, relative fishing efficiency indices and multivariate analysis. The results showed that Mugil cephalus and Konosirus punctatus were the dominant spe- cies in pelagic waters during autumn and winter, whereas in bottom waters Sebastiscus marmora- tus and Larimichthys polyactis were the dominant species during autumn, and Harpadon nehereus and Johnius belangerii were the dominant species during winter. L. polyactis was found with high abundance both in pelagic and benthic waters during both seasons. The relative catch rates in pe- lagic waters were higher than in benthic waters during both seasons. Higher abundance and bio- mass of fish were recorded in pelagic waters than in benthic waters during both seasons. The re- sults of multivariate analysis revealed two significantly different fish composition patterns from the pelagic and benthic waters regardless of seasons. It is concluded that the mussel farming habitat can act as a floating artificial reef system. Therefore, we suggest that the floating artificial reefs can be deployed in the design of marine ranching to achieve three-dimension conservation effects. Besides, artificial reefs can be set at the bottom of mussel farming area to enhance marine ran- ching effects.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期753-759,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
上海高校青年教师培养计划项目(ZZhy12009)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047)
国家自然科学基金项目(41176110)资助
关键词
贻贝养殖
鱼类组成
海洋牧场
人工生境
mussel farming
fish composition
marine ranching
artificial habitat.
