摘要
鉴于农业、星占等方面的需求,清代钦天监十分重视初雷天气的观测与记录。通过对清代钦天监档案、礼部档案、各朝实录及朱批奏折中的初雷记录进行系统的梳理,共整理出121条清代北京地区初雷天气记录,探讨了清代重视初雷记录的原因以及记录的可靠性,统计分析了清代北京地区初雷天气的特征。分析发现,1679—1714年与1799—1856年的初雷平均日期比较接近,1716—1768年与1884—1901年的初雷平均日期比较接近,而前2段时间的初雷平均日期要比后2段时间晚大约2周;初雷多发生在夜间到早晨,持续时间也比较短,这些与现代北京地区初雷发生特征非常相似;将这些记录的时间分布特征所反映的气候信息与历史气候学界的研究结论相对比,发现两者的结论高度一致。可见,这些初雷记录是研究清代北京地区的春季气温状况难得的历史文献,对分析清代气候及其变化特征具有一定的价值。
For the purpose of agriculture and astrology,the Astronomical Bureau of Qing Dynasty at-tached great importance to observing and recording of the first thunderstorm.Through investigation of vari-ous available historical documents in archives of Astronomical Bureau,Ministry of Rites,Factual Records of Qing Emperor and memorials to the throne with comments written in red of Qing Dynasty,1 21 records of the first thunderstorm were collected.This paper firstly summarized the reason why the Qing Dynasty em-phasized the observing of the first thunderstorm and discussed the reliability of those records.Based on this,this paper further sorted and analyzed the characteristics of the first thunderstorm in Beijing of Qing Dynasty.Finally,we found：（1 ） The average date of the first thunderstorm during AD 1 679-1 71 4 is close to the average date of AD 1 799-1 856,and the average date of the first thunderstorm during AD 1 71 6-1 768 is close to that of AD 1 884-1 901;However,compared with the latter two periods,the average date of the first thunderstorm during the former two periods is two weeks later.（2） The first thunderstorm main-ly occurred in the night and continued to the next morning,and its duration time was short.These charac-teristics were very similar with present.（3） Comparing the climate information reflected by the first thun-derstorm with results of historical climate science,It was found that these conclusions were highly consist-ent.Thus,these records of the first thunderstorm are very precious for the study of spring temperature in Beijing area of Qing Dynasty and even for the further understanding of the climate in Qing Dynasty and its variation characteristics.
出处
《古地理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期129-136,共8页
Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition
基金
教育部"985工程"科技史与科技文明研究哲学社会科学创新基地项目资助
关键词
初雷
钦天监
清代
可靠性
历史气候
the first thunderstorm
Astronomical Bureau
Qing Dynasty
reliability
historical climate
