摘要
以关节损伤为主要病变特征的各种关节炎，可导致关节慢性持续性肿痛、关节僵硬及功能障碍，最常见的两种关节炎是骨关节炎（ osteoarthritis，OA ）和类风湿关节炎（ rheumatoid arthritis，RA ）。OA以关节软骨退行性病变为特点，主要的病理变化是软骨细胞功能减退，软骨基质的分解加速，软骨组织的磨耗，进而继发滑膜炎症和关节周边的骨质增生。RA 则是以慢性关节滑膜炎症为特征的全身自身免疫性疾病，在发病关节腔内有大量淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞浸润，主要的病理特征是关节滑膜及周围结缔组织异常增生，滑膜内大量新生血管和广泛慢性炎症性细胞浸润，滑膜组织表现为增生过度和凋亡受阻，产生基质金属蛋白酶（ matrix metalloproteinases，MMPs ），破坏关节内软骨和骨，同时成纤维细胞（ fibroblast-like synoviocytes， FLS ）增生，造成关节纤维化。由此可见，关节软骨的损伤是RA和OA的共同特征。
Joint injury is one of the main pathological characteristics of arthritis, which may lead to chronic and persistent joint swelling, pain, stiffness and dysfunction. Covering the joint surface, the articular cartilage has lubrication action among the bones and can resist the pressure caused by joint activities. Proteoglycan is one of the most important extracellular matrix components of the articular cartilage. Degradation of the extracellular matrix of the cartilage acts as a mark of joint injuries, and abnormal degradation of proteoglycans is an early signal of joint injuries. There are 2 main proteolytic enzymes that can degrade proteoglycans, which are matrix metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs. Both enzymes can act on different parts of the proteoglycans, and generate different metabolic fragments which are monitored for joint destruction. In recent years, there are some new discoveries about the relationship of proteoglycans and joint injuries. In this paper, these studies are summarized, and the role of abnormal metabolism of proteoglycans in the injury mechanism of arthritis is explored in terms of the metabolic characteristics and impact factors of proteoglycans.
出处
《中国骨与关节杂志》
CAS
2015年第1期49-53,共5页
Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint
基金
首都临床特色应用研究(Z121107001012019)
关键词
蛋白聚糖类
代谢
关节炎
骨关节炎
关节炎
类风湿
Proteoglycans
Metabolism
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis, rheumatoid
