摘要
本文讨论语用推理在语义演变中的作用。从认知来看,语用推理可以是转喻,也可以是隐喻。很多情况下,基于转喻的语用推理可以判断出新义信息量增大,因此可以确定是基于"不过量原则"。但是,有的转喻,新旧义在概念或其他方面并没有明显的量级上的大小对比,这时,区分"足量原则"或"不过量原则"没有意义,只能笼统地认为新旧义"相关"。有一种特殊的语境吸收,是句式义寄居在词义上,与语用推理无关。语用推理也可以在定名学中得到体现,比如在所谓的"从隐含到呈现"这种现象之中。
This paper explores the function which pragmatic inference serves in semantic change. From the cognitive perspective, broadly-defined pragmatic inference could be metonymy-based or metaphor-based. However, in grammaticalization it is proved that metonymy prevails. Most of metonymy-based changes result in information augmentation, so it could be judged that ‘R- Principle' of pragmatic inference takes effect. In the cases where there is no scalar difference between the old sense and the new sense, the distinction between ‘Q-Principle' and ‘R-Principle' in pragmatic inference collapses and only ‘relevance' works. Note that there is a type of special context-absorption, in which the structure meaning is transferred to the word. This also leads to change of lexical meaning, but this change bears no relationship to pragmatic inference. Pragmatic inference functions not only in semasiology but also in onomasiology, e.g., in the so-called phenomenon of ‘change from implying to presenting'.
出处
《古汉语研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期42-52,96,共11页
Research in Ancient Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目"功能-类型学取向的汉语语义演变研究"(14ZDB098)
关键词
语用推理
转喻
隐喻
“从隐含到呈现”
pragmatic inference
metonymy
metaphor
‘change from implying to presenting'
