摘要
与中原和燕云地区变动而多样的墓葬发展格局不同,山东地区在宋金时期的长时段内一直保持着圆形单室墓为主的墓制传统,整体面貌和丧葬习俗基本承袭了北宋传统,体现出墓葬风格的保守性与滞后性。蒙元统一帝国建立后,伴随着政治冲击与族属间的文化互动,山东地区长期固守的区域传统被逐渐打破。一方面,在当地宋金盛行的单室圆形砖雕壁画墓基础上,墓葬类型更趋多样化。另一方面,一些小范围的局部区域特征日渐明显:胶东半岛独具特色的石塔墓完全定型并确立起成熟的小区域面貌;而处于南北文化交界的济宁、嘉祥和邹县地区则在南方同坟异葬墓和大都"石椁型"墓交互影响下,进一步体现出融南汇北的墓葬特点。本文通过对考古学材料的系统梳理,不局限于行政区划的限制,综合考虑地域文化、人群特点、地理形胜和政治冲击等多种因素,力图建立起蒙元时期山东地区墓葬的整体时空框架。
Different from the burial layouts in the Central Plains and Yanyun region that are characterized by their remarkable varieties, the burial practice in the Shandong region during the Song and Jin periods retrained largely unchanged, dominated by one type of burials the type with single and circular chamber. Furthermore, for a long time, the overall funeral practices continued the Northern Song tradition and displayed a strong conservative tendency in this regard. The fundamental change in political system brought about by the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, along with the active ethnical and cultural interactions, eventually changed the pattern that was dominated by the long-lasting and obstinate tradition. On the one hand, the types of burials show a wider variation even though they all based on the proto-type of circular-chamber tombs with brick-craving murals. On the other hand, sub-regional characteristics started to emerge and gradually became more prevailing. For instance, in the Shandong peninsular it began to be dominated by a unique type of stone pagoda- shaped tombs, while tombs in Jining, Jiaxiang, and Zhouxiang displayed a North-South hybrid under the combined influences of joint burials underneath the same turr^lus from the South and stone-chamber tradition fiom Dadu. In order to fully capture this vivid and dynarmic pattern of burial practices, this article systematically rmrshals and analyzes materials that are not limited by the present-day administration boundary of Shandong. Regional cultures, population groups, geology, and political impacts are also taken into consideration. Eventually, this study aims to reconstruct the spatial and temporal frameworks to analyze the Song-Yuna burials in Shandong.
出处
《考古与文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期92-107,共16页
Archaeology and Cultural Relics
基金
北京市教委"北京市属高等学校高层次人才引进与培养青年拔尖人才培育计划"所属课题"世俗与宗教之间:唐宋墓葬文化中佛教因素的多视角研究"成果(项目批准号CIT&TCD201504071)
2013年国家社科基金青年项目"蒙元时期墓葬研究"(项目批准号13CKG015)资助
关键词
山东地区
蒙元墓葬
砖雕壁画
区域面貌
阶段特征
Shandong region, Burials of the Yuan Dynasty, Murals of brick cawing, Regional patterns, Temporal characteristics
