摘要
概述了油菜杂种高效选育中杂交亲本的快速创建、杂交技术的改进、组合的选配和筛选、杂种改良方法等,重点总结亲本高效繁育技术和杂种机械化高效生产技术。亲本高效繁育技术是采用滑动天车、授粉器和外动力组成的机械授粉装置,在隔离网室全封闭条件下,由棚外动力牵动滑动天车,拉动授粉器往复式行走,作到充分、饱和式授粉。杂种机械化高效生产技术是采用精量播种机,以适应机械喷药要求、灵活调整开沟器行距来实现精量播种;同时,预先留好喷药、喷肥机车运行道,选用底盘高的喷药机,并对其喷药操控系统、喷淋系统进行改装,增添防飘移装置;2013和2014两年试验和示范证明,该设计可使化学诱导雄性不育油菜杂交制种和生产实现全程机械化。
This paper introduced briefly the rapid creation of combination parents, the improvement of hybridization and selection and screening of hybrid combinations as well as the method for improving hybrid rapeseeds, which its focus was on the efficient breeding technology of parents and mechanized production of hybrid seeds. The efficient reproduction of parents was realized by mechanical pollina- tion in net house, the installation was composed by overhead travelling crane, pollination device and outside drive. In net house, the power of outside drive pulled,overhead travelling crane,, the pollina- tion device apparatus walked up and down to make pollination full and saturated. Precise seed planter was used for efficient mechanized production of hybrid seeds , which could adjust flexibly row spacing according to the demand of spraying machine, during sowing, The lanes were reserved first for those machines to spray pesticide and fertilizer, then the spraying machines with high ground clearance was selected and modified its control and spraying systems, It was proved by the experiments and demon- strations in 2013 and 2014 that this machine could realize mechanization in seeds production by chemi- cal hybridization agent and hybrids production in large areas.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期1-5,共5页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
国家高新技术研究发展计划(2011AA10A104)
关键词
油菜高效育种
化学诱导
机械授粉
精量播种
机械喷药与喷肥
Efficient Rapeseed Breeding
Mechanical Pollination
Precise Seeding
Mechanical spraypesticide
Spray fertilizer
