摘要
利用2012—2013年在内蒙古河套灌区巴彦淖尔市的春玉米分期播种试验数据,结合农业气象站多年的作物观测资料,分析了河套灌区光温条件变化对春玉米苗期生长发育的影响,得到不同适宜度光温指标体系,并应用多项式拟合方法将温度指标插值到苗期生长的每一天,形成动态连续温度指标曲线,可以更客观和精细地反映温度对春玉米苗期生长发育的影响.结果表明：播种-出苗期和出苗-拔节期温度每上升1℃,出苗速率和发育速率分别约提升11%和12%,生物学下限温度分别为7.4和11.9℃;播种-出苗期适宜温度为16.0-18.0℃,三叶期叶面积指数可达0.0172以上;出苗-拔节阶段适宜温度为21.6-23.0℃,气温越高,地上部光合作用越强,叶片和植株生长越快,拔节期叶面积指数和株高分别可达2.15和120 cm以上;出苗-拔节阶段日照百分率≥74%、平均日照时数≥11.0 h·d^-1或总日照时数≥540 h,植株叶片干质量可达34 g以上.
We collected the experimental dataset of a spring-maize in Hetao irrigation district （Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia） during 2012 and 2013, as well as the crop data observed in related agrometeorological stations to investigate the impacts of light and temperature variation on maize de- velopment during the seedling stage to derive adequate light and temperature indices for different suitability. Furthermore, polynomial fitting was applied to interpolate the temperature indices for each day of the whole seedling period to draw the dynamics of the temperature indices and to better characterize its influence on maize development during the seedling stage. The results suggested that the emergence and development rates increased by 11% and 12%, respectively when the average temperature increased 1 ℃ during the sowing-emergence period and emergence-jointing period, and the biological lowest temperature was 7.4 and 11.9 ℃, respectively. The optimum temperature at the sowing-emergence stage ranged from 16.0 to 18.0 ℃, and the leaf area index at the three-leaf stage reached 0.0172 and above. The optimum temperature at the emergence-jointing stage ranged from 21.6 to 23.0 ℃, and the photosynthesis/growth of plant tissue was positively correlated with the temperature. The leaf area index in the jointing period could reach 2.15 and the plant height was 120 cm. At the emergence-jointing stage, when the sunshine percentage ≥74%, or the daily sun- shine hours ≥ 11.0 h·d^-1, or the total sunshine hours ≥540 h, the dry mass of plant tissue could reach more than 34 g.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期241-248,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206021)资助
关键词
河套灌区
春玉米
苗期生长发育
光温指标
温度动态指标
Hetao irrigation district
spring maize
development at seedling stage
light and tem-perature indices
temperature dynamic indices.
