摘要
竹子是竹亚科植物的总称,在人类文化与经济活动中扮演着重要角色,然而竹子也会向其邻近的生态系统不断入侵扩张,引发一系列生态环境问题。该综述试图从竹子扩张过程、扩张后效、扩张机制等方面,总结竹子扩张生态学方面取得的研究进展,以期为生态系统保护提供参考。综述认为:(1)竹子扩张过程主要包括地下渗透、地上成竹、竞争排斥和优势维持4个阶段;(2)竹子扩张不同程度地会影响邻近生态系统的群落组成与结构、生物多样性、土壤性质、生态过程与功能,并造成生态景观的破坏;(3)竹子扩张既与其生长快速、繁殖力强、形态多样、集团协同等内禀优势有关,也与邻近生态系统可入侵性有关;竹子可通过遮光、机械损伤、凋落物抑制、养分竞争与化感作用等直接或间接的竞争方式排斥其他植物,且自然或人类干扰有利于竹子扩张。因此,竹子扩张机制符合"内禀优势-资源机遇-干扰促进"的生物入侵假说。建议在未来环境变化背景下,加强竹子对环境变化的响应与适应、竹林-阔(针)叶林界面特征、竹子扩张过程与格局、扩张生态效应评价、竹子扩张防控与合理利用等领域的研究。
Bamboos（Poaceae： Bambusoideae） have posed a serious threat to native ecosystems,though they play an important role socially and economically. Here we review recent research progresses on bamboo expansion with emphasis on process,consequence and mechanism. Based on the review it is considered that（1） the bamboo expansion process can be divided into four stages including underground extension,aboveground sprouting,exclusive competition,and absolute dominance;（2） Bamboo expansion will likely lead to drastic shifts in community structure and composition,biodiversity,soil properties（physical,chemical and microbial）,ecological processes and functions,and local landscape; and（3） bamboos,with many inherent superiorities of rapid growth,clonal reproduction,phenotypic plasticity and collaboration,could gradually invade into adjacent communities especially derived forests,by means of shading,physical damage,litterfall,nutrient competition and allelopathy. Disturbances to neighboring communities are likely to facilitate bamboo expansion. Therefore,bamboo expansion is a typical example of local biological invasion brought about by interactions among inherent superiority,resource opportunity and disturbance by human or nature（wind,snow-ice,etc.）. At a time of rapid global changes,we are confronted with new challenges from biological invasion. We recommend that priorities for future studies should be directed at understanding the responses and adaptions of bamboo to global environmental changes,bamboo-broadleaved/coniferous forest interface characteristics,bamboo expansion process and pattern,ecological risk evaluation,management and control strategies of bamboo expansion,and proper utilization of bamboo resources. This overview suggests that more attentions should be paid to native invasive species aside from alien species.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期110-124,共15页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(31260120和314-6077)
江西省自然科学基金(20122BAB204019)
关键词
竹子扩张
过程与机制
生态效应
竹林-阔(针)叶林界面
本土植物入侵
全球变化
bamboo expansion
process and mechanism
ecological effect
bamboo-broadleaved（coniferous） forest interface
native species invasion
global change
