摘要
目的：探讨不同年龄阶段人群中,年龄与受教育程度对加工速度、工作记忆及推理能力的作用.方法：在全国6大行政区分年龄段并匹配性别进行取样,选取健康受试1754人[年龄16-86岁;男833人,女921人;受教育年限（10.4±3.2）年],将年龄分为16-24、25-34、35-44、45-54、55-64、65-69、70-86岁7个年龄段,将受教育程度分为小学及以下、初中、高中及以上3个受教育程度].采用韦氏成人智力量表第四版（WAIS-Ⅳ）中文版的译码、背数、矩阵推理分量表分别评估加工速度、工作记忆广度及工作记忆、推理能力4项认知功能.采用多项式曲线拟合的方法对各认知成分随年龄的下降趋势进行拟合;使用单因素方差分析LSD多重比较法或Kruskal-Wallis H两两比较进行组间比较;使用通径分析的方法考察不同年龄阶段年龄、受教育程度对各认知成分的影响.结果：多项式曲线拟合结果发现,除工作记忆外,加工速度、工作记忆广度和推理能力得分随年龄的下降趋势均为非直线性趋势（R2=99.7％、98.5％、98.9％）,且下降速度总体上逐渐放缓.受教育程度越高,各项认知成分的水平越高,且在加工速度和推理能力得分上随年龄下降的坡度越大.对不同年龄段各认知成分受教育程度组间的差异分析发现,在65 ～ 69岁、70～86岁上推理能力得分受教育程度组间差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,其他年龄段受教育程度高者各认知得分均要高（均P＜0.01）.通径分析表明,在不同的年龄阶段,使用不同的认知随年龄下降模型进行模型拟合时均拟合良好（x^2/df＜3,各拟合优度指数均＞0.9,残差均＜0.05）.结论：加工速度和推理能力随年龄的下降呈非直线性下降趋势;不同的年龄阶段年龄与各认知成分的关系不同,50岁后主要通过加工速度中介;受教育程度在不同的认知成分随年龄的下降中表现不同.
Objective：To explore the effects of age and education on the processing speed,working memory and reasoning in the different age groups.Methods：A total of 1754 healthy people [age,16-86 years; male/female,833/921 ; education,（10.4 ± 3.2） years] were recruited by convenient sampling paired sex from six areas,and divided into seven age groups （16-24,25-34,35-44,45-54,55-64,65-69,and 70-86 years old） by age and primary and lower,middle school and high school and over three education groups by education.They were assessed with Coding （CD）,Digit Span （DS） and Matrix Reason （MR） of the Chinese Version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition （WAIS-Ⅳ）,respectively for 4 cognitive domains such as processing speed,working memory/working memory span and reasoning.Using polynominal curve fitting for each cognitive decline in aging on four cognitive domains,LSD multiple comparison of one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H pairwise comparisons to compare the difference among group and path analysis to examine the effects of age and education on each cognitive domains in the different age groups.Results：The results of polynominal curve fitting showed that the relationships of age and cognitive domains except working memory were probably non-lineary （R2 =99.7%,98.5%,98.9%）,and the rates of decline were slowing down in total.Higher education level,higher cognitive performance,and the faster rates of cognitive decline on processing speed and reasoning.The results of one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H showed that,the effects of education on reasoning won＇t significant at 65-69 and 70-86years old （Ps 〉0.05） ; other results were significant （Ps 〈0.01）.The results of path analysis showed that,x^2/df〈3,all goodness-of-fit indices were greater than 0.9,and all residuals were less than 0.05 for the models of the different age groups.It showed that the effects of age on the cognitive domains supported processing speed mediated model at 50-86 years old.Conclusion：The trends of
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期60-67,共8页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
首都医学发展科研基金联合攻关项目(2007-1019)
首都卫生发展科研专项(2011-2013-02)
北京市自然科学基金(7102086)资助
关键词
认知下降
加工速度
工作记忆
推理能力
受教育程度
现况调查
cognitive decline
processing speed
working memory
reasoning
education
cross-sectional studies
