摘要
端粒酶是一种逆转录酶,能够维持端粒的长度和活性,从而防止染色体末端降解或融合,维持染色体稳定。大多数正常体细胞中端粒酶活性被抑制,端粒长度随着细胞持续分裂逐渐缩短;而在大多数癌细胞中端粒酶都表现出活性,端粒的长度和结构得以维持,癌细胞永生化。由此可见端粒酶是一种重要的癌症标志物,可作为癌症诊断依据和治疗靶点。然而,端粒酶结构复杂且数量少,难以从微量全酶复合物中分离出足量端粒酶用于分析,这为传统方法研究端粒酶带来极大困难。随着单分子荧光技术的发展,荧光共振能量转移、荧光双色同步响应等技术已被应用于端粒酶的研究,打破了传统方法检测端粒酶的各种局限。本文主要综述了单分子荧光技术的发展,端粒、端粒酶与癌症及其研究进展,并对单分子荧光技术在端粒酶研究中的应用及其发展趋势进行了总结和展望。
The telomerase ribonucleoprotein is a reverse transcriptase that plays a critical role in the maintenance of telomere length by synthesizing telomeric DNA repeats using its instinct RNA as the template and thus protects chromosome ends from degradation and fusion. Most normal somatic cells do not express detectable telomerase activity and telomeres shorten progressively with each cell division, while in almost all kinds of cancer cells human telomerase exhibits high activity,suggesting that there is a direct association bet ween telomerase activity and various diseases including cancer and age-related diseases,and that telomerase could be used both as a diagnostic biomarker for the early detection of human cancer and as a potential target for anti-cancer therapy.Ho wever,fully understanding the biochemical action of human telomerase is presently a huge challenge since it is a very big complex. Moreover,it is remarkably difficult to get enough amount of heloenzyme for traditional enzyme analysis. Novel and advanced methods therefore should be employed to assay human telomerase and understand enzymatication. Single molecule techniques such as single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer（ smFRET） technique and t wo-color coincidence detection（ TCCD） not only can detect dynamic of individual molecule and flexibility of enzyme catalysis,but also can check very little amount of samples in solution or on surface, which can not be performed by bulk experiment. In this review, we summarize the progress and prospect of telomerase research and describe several latest single-molecule methods applied to assaying telomerase structure,function,activity and dynamics.
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第12期1987-1996,共10页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.21375051)资助~~
关键词
端粒酶
癌症早期诊断
单分子荧光技术
荧光共振能量转移
荧光双色同步响应检测
telomerase
early detection of cancer
single molecule fluorescence technique
fluorescence resonance energy transfer
fluorescence two-color coincidence detection
