摘要
采用化学消毒和堆肥处理一体化方案的双重杀菌措施,更有效地杀灭蚕沙中的病原物。用几种常用化学药剂对收茧后的蚕沙就地消毒处理,以3 g/L三氯异氰脲酸+5%石灰混合液对蚕沙堆表层及深1 cm处的家蚕微孢子虫(Nb)和家蚕质型多角体病毒(Bm CPV)的灭活作用最明显,可使蚕沙中的部分病原物在转移出蚕室之前被杀灭。将化学消毒后的蚕沙进行堆肥处理,第2天堆温即可升至60℃以上,堆肥过程中堆体上、中、下各部位50℃以上的高温时间分别达到35、35、25 d,可以致Nb和Bm CPV 2种家蚕病原物完全灭活。观察蚕沙经堆肥高温处理后,2种病原物的结构变化符合高温导致病原结构蛋白凝固变性的特征。试验结果表明:采用预先在蚕室对蚕沙进行化学消毒后再进行堆肥处理的消毒和堆肥一体化方案,能够更有效地阻断家蚕的病原物在养蚕环境中扩散。
For effectively perishing pathogens in silkworm（ Bombyx mori） excrement,a sterilization measure of chemical disinfection-compost integration scheme was tested. After using several common chemical disinfectants to conduct in situ disinfection to silkworm excrement after cocoon harvesting,it was found that 3 g / L trichloroisocyanuric acid plus5% lime mixture had the most obvious disinfection effect to silkworm pathogens Nosema bombyx（ Nb） and Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrovirus（ Bm CPV） on the surface and within 1 cm depth of silkworm excrement pile,thus perishing some of the pathogens in silkworm excrement before the pathogens were moved outdoor. After the in situ disinfected silkworm excrement was submit to composting,it was found that the temperature of silkworm excrement compost was over 60 ℃ at day 2 after composting treatment. The duration of composting temperature of over 50 ℃ in upper,middle and lower layers of the compost was 35 d,35 d and 25 d respectively,which could inactivate Nb and Bm CPV completely. Structural change of the two pathogens in silkworm excrement after high-temperature composting was consistent with the characteristic of structural protein coagulation and dysfunction caused by high temperature.These results show that the chemical disinfection-compost integration treatment can effectively block the spread of pathogens in silkworm rearing environment.
出处
《蚕业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期1078-1083,共6页
ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22)
广东省科技计划项目(No.2012A020200013)
关键词
蚕沙
家蚕病原物
化学消毒
好氧堆肥
高温灭菌
Silkworm excrement
Silkworm pathogen
Chemical disinfection
Aerobic composting
High temperature sterilization
