摘要
该文以内蒙古草原为例,采用实地调研与文献检索相结合的方法,对中国北方草原资源现状、经营利用情况、存在的现实问题、生态保护措施及所取得成就进行了客观述评。结果表明:内蒙古拥有各类天然草原约8 666.7万hm2,约占中国国土面积的27.2%,是中国北方重要生态屏障。但是,由于受超载经营和不合理利用等因素影响,草原退化、沙化面积仍占到区域国土面积的90%以上,草原自然灾害频发仍是影响区域生态安全的重要隐患。本世纪以来,中国颁布多项保护政策,实施了多项重大生态建设工程,草原退化趋势基本实现"整体遏止和局部好转"。但维护草原生态功能必须突出草原转型与休养生息战略,实现依法治草。同时,严格草原开发环境准入制度,加强沙化草原土壤修复,发展草原环境友好型替代产业,进一步完善草原生态补偿制度,以缓解开发与保护矛盾,确保草原生态屏障安全。
Taking the example of the steppe in Inner Mongolia, the paper reviews the status and problems of northern steppe objectively by field research combined with document retrieval. Inner Mongolia is an important ecological barrier in northern China with natural grassland of over 866.67billion hm^2, which cover 27.2% of the national territorial area. However, due to factors like overloaded exploitation and irrational utilization, above 90% of grassland in this region faces ecological degradation and desertification, as well as the potential risk of frequent nat- ural hazard. In the new century, through the enactment of protective policies and the implementation of ecological projects, the situation turned out much better than it used to be. The paper emphasizes the importance of steppe re- habilitation and remediation, and responds several suggestions to ensure the security of the grassland such as to transform the development mode, perfect the ecological compensation system, strictly enforce exploration access rules and so on.
出处
《中国发展》
2014年第6期7-12,共6页
China Development
关键词
北方草原
生态退化
转型发展
自然恢复
生态功能维持
northern steppe
ecological degradation
transformation
spontaneous recovery
maintain ecological function
