摘要
任选词语的隐现极性特征与它本身的任选义和函数映射相关。任选词语具有扩域功能,它把例外的选项也纳入域中,强调任何选项都不例外。选项的数量与例外事件发生的先验概率构成单调递增的函数关系,含有任选词语的核心命题要么肯定先验概率极小的事件,要么否定先验概率极大的事件,它们都通过基于概率的梯级逻辑传递梯级含义。任选词语在情节句、存现句中能获得否定词语的允准,是因为它们的结合能顺应讲话人加强否定的力度的意图。任选词语不是对允准语的下向蕴含特征敏感,而是对任选义和概率条件敏感。此外,下向衍推本身也是基于概率的梯级推理。
The emergent polarity sensitivity of free choice items is subject to their free choice semantics and functional map- pings. Free choice items emphasize that there are no exceptions, thereby inducing widening of the domain of variables. The lo- cal propositions with free choice items either indicate the confirmation of the least a prior probabilities of events or the negation of the most a prior probabilities of events since there exists a monotone increasing function between the number of variables and a priori probabilities of events. Free choice items trigger scalar implicatures via the probability-based scalar logic in both ca- ses. Free choice items coupled with the downward entailing operators in episodic and existential sentences, bring home the points of strengthening the negative force. In fact, free choice items are sensitive to their free choice semantics and the proba- bility condition rather than to the downwardness of their licensors. Furthermore, probability-based logic underlies downward entailment.
出处
《外语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期28-33,共6页
Foreign Language Education
基金
国家社科基金一般项目"负极词的空间映射研究"(项目编号:12BYY120)
国家社科基金西部项目"修辞的神经认知语言学研究"(项目编号:11XYY016)
教育部哲学社会科学基金一般项目"词语极性特征的信息论研究"(项目编号:12YJA740031)的阶段性成果
关键词
任选词语
下向蕴含
单调函数
梯级逻辑
free choice items
downward entailment
monotonic function
scalar logic
