摘要
现代城市化发展给当地气候和环境带来巨大影响,然而城市规划和城市发展中对城市气候信息的应用却非常有限.以北京为示范案例,初步建立北京城市气候图系统,将城市气候信息应用于北京可持续发展和生态城市建设.定量分析北京自然环境和典型城市形态因子对城市气候的影响,评估城市热环境和城市风环境现状,形成北京城市气候分析图.结合各典型城市气候空间不同建筑区域内建筑物可分辨风场数值模拟,完成北京市区范围城市气候规划建议图.北京四环以内近乎闭合式的"单中心+环状"城市发展布局,使大部分区域承受极强的热压,且通风廊道不足,通风严重不畅.针对此现状,分别对五类城市气候规划建议区提出初步规划建议,审慎开发决策,缓解城市气候问题.北京城市气候图系统在传统城市气候图的基础上,强调了对规划方案的预测评估.且提出对城市气象灾害进行风险评估,从规划预警的角度应对城市气象灾害,加强北京应对极端天气、防灾减灾的能力.
Modern urbanization and development bring great influence to local climate and environment.However,the application impact of urban climatic information on urban planning and local development is still very limited.This paper takes Beijing as the demonstration case and preliminarily establishes Beijing Urban Climate Map（UCMap） system,to apply urban climatic information to scientific planning and the construction of sustainable city and envi-ronment.The impacts of Beij ing’s natural environment and urban morphology characteristics on urban thermal envi-ronment and urban wind environment are quantitatively analyzed.Urban Climatic Analysis Map（UC-AnMap）within Beij ing urban areas is then formed.Incorporating three-dimensional wind field characteristics numerical simulations of complex building environments in each representative urban climatic spatial unit,Urban Climatic Recommendation Map（UC-ReMap）within Beijing urban areas is finally developed.It shows that nearly closed-type “single center＋rings”urban layout within the Fourth Ring Road results in strong thermal load and poor ventilation in most of the areas.Besides,a series of possible climatic spatial planning recommendations are put forward to relieve urban climate problems and improve urban environment.Based on traditional Urban Climate Map,Beijing Urban Climate Map system specifically emphasizes the forecast and evaluation of proposed planning schemes.Furthermore,it particularly stress risk assessment of urban meteorological disasters from the view of early warning in planning,in order to strengthen the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation in Beij ing.
出处
《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期759-771,共13页
Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目973计划(2010CB428506)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106032)
国家自然科学基金(41175015)
关键词
城市气候
城市形态空间分析
数值模拟
北京城市气候图系统
urban climate
urban morphology spatial analysis
numerical simulation
Beijing Urban Climate Map （UCMap）system
