摘要
载人空间站、星球基地、星际飞船中温湿度等环境条件适宜,如不采取有效的监控措施,可能会出现微生物大量繁殖。在空间舱室环境中很多微生物活性更高,其对材料腐蚀性更强,且由于人类在空间舱室环境下免疫力降低,因此致病危险更大。为此概述了空间站发展到现在所面临的微生物污染问题,分析了空间微生物污染的三种主要来源包括人体内和体表、航天器系统生产过程、货运飞船,指出了空间站微生物污染对人类健康和对材料腐蚀两方面的危害,介绍了国际空间站的微生物安全保障措施,其中包括空间舱室微生物污染监测体系和飞行前后密闭舱室内微生物污染防控体系。在分析美俄实践经验的基础上,提出了我国空间站微生物污染防控体系方案设想,为解决我国密闭舱室微生物污染问题提供了参考。
The environmental conditions such as the temperature and humidity in manned space station, planet base, or starship should be effectively monitored and controlled, otherwise microbial populations may occur. Many microorganisms have higher level of activities in the space cabin environment, and may incur stronger material corrosion. In addition, the immune function of the human body will be decreased in the space cabin environment, so the risk of disease is higher. Therefore, the microbial contamination problems since the construction of the space station were reviewed and the three main sources were analyzed including the autologous microorganism by crew members themselves, microbes in the production process of spacecraft, and microbes in the course of cargo delivery. The damage of microbial contamination for the human health and material corrosion was pointed out and the countermeasures in ISS were introduced including the microbial contaminants monitoring in the space cabin and the prevention and control system in the closed cabin before and after spaceflight. Based on the practical experience of the United States and Russia, proposals for the prevention and control of microbial contamination were put forward for Chinese space station. It brings insights for the problem solving of microbial contamination in closed cabin in China.
出处
《载人航天》
CSCD
2014年第6期543-549,共7页
Manned Spaceflight
基金
载人航天预先研究项目(040203)
关键词
空间站
微生物污染
微生物污染防控体系
抗菌材料
space station
microbial contamination
microbial pollution prevention and control system
antibacterial material
