摘要
Humans form a close co-habitat with Gram-negative bacteria since the beginning of ages. Perhaps one of the keys for human survival during this co-existence is the proper sensing and recognition of Gram-negative bacteria surrounding and within human tissues and cells. Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, also known as endotoxin, is a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall. Depending on the cell types and contexts, LPS can trigger a plethora of host re- sponses that include the expression of pro- and an- ti-inflammatory cytokines, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cell proliferation, necrosis and apoptosis, as well as maturation and differentiation of innate leukocytes such as macrophag- es, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.
Humans form a close co-habitat with Gram-negative bacteria since the beginning of ages.Perhaps one of the keys for human survival during this co-existence is the proper sensing and recognition of Gram-negative bacteria surrounding and within human tissues and cells.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),also known as endotoxin,is a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall.Depending on the cell types and contexts,LPS can trigger a plethora of host re-
