摘要
本文从考察建国以来我国制定的四部宪法,即1954年《宪法》、1975年《宪法》、1978年《宪法》和1982年《宪法》中规定的享有宪法职权职责的组织机构的法律特性出发,提出应当使用"宪法机构"的概念来代替"国家机构"的概念表述宪法文本规定的享有宪法职权职责的组织机构的组织特征和法律特性更能突出宪法机构自身的地位与作用。与此同时,使用"宪法机构"概念可以强化宪法机构自身的宪法意识,提高宪法机构依据宪法规定履行自身宪法职责的主动性和自觉性。此外,使用"宪法机构"概念也可以有效地区分宪法文本所规定的国家机构、国家机关与非宪法文本所产生的国家机构、国家机关之间的法律性质,建立起对宪法机构活动的有效的违宪审查机制,防止保证宪法实施责任机制的无限扩大和泛化。最后,使用"宪法机构"概念可以更好地接纳宪法文本中所确立的非国家机构性质的"宪法机构",建立起更加科学和全面地分析宪法文本所规定的宪法机构性质的理论框架和体系。
On the basis of scrutinizing legal trait concerning the organs which can enjoy constitutional powers and responsibilities shown in four constitutions, for instance, made in 1954, 1975,1978 and 1982, the author points out it can be more explicit to express legal trait and organic characteristic of organs which can enjoy constitutional powers and constitutional responsibilities prescribed in the constitutional text, and exhibit the position and role of constitutional organizations by using the conception of ＇ constitutional organizations＇ to substitute that of ＇ state organs＇ At the same time, using the conception of ＇constitutional organizations＇ is able to enhance constitutional consciousness of constitutional organizations and improve the initiative and positive attitude of constitutional organizations in implementing their powers and responsibilities. Moreover, using the conception of constitutional organizations is effective to distinguish the difference between different state organs , state organs and non -state organs in order to build a constitutional review mechanism for the sake of preventing the responsibilities of constitutional organizations from unlimited extension . Finally, using the conception is possible to absorb non - state organs in the constitutional text in a bid to establishing a more scientific and comprehensive theoretical framework and system of constitutional organizations.
出处
《法学杂志》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第12期18-26,共9页
Law Science Magazine
关键词
宪法机构
国家机构
非国家机构
宪法文本
依宪办事
依宪治国
constitutional organizations
state organs
non - state organs
constitutional text
running according to the constitution
ruling state according to the constitution
