摘要
从中国古代海神崇拜的历程来看,虽然"天妃"名号、海神崇拜由来已久,但"天妃"与海神产生联系,是从宋元时期对林氏女的册封开始的,而且由于元代的极力崇拜,使曾经作为众多人格化海神之一的"天妃"成为海神的代名词。宋代作为无所不保的"万能神"化身的天妃,在元代的主要职能是海运的保护神,但是她也兼具祈雨、息盗、平息海潮等其他职能。天妃在元代被视为最主要的海运保护神,但并非唯一的海运保护神,还有其他的因护佑海运的海神受到元政府的册封、祭祀,如水仙神和一直以来由政府册封、祭祀的"四海神"。
Based on previous studies and relevant literatures, this paper has discussed three questions about the Tianfei worship in the Yuan Dynasty, which were neglected by the academia. First, the title ＂ Tianfei＂ and the sea goddess worship in China have a very long history, but the link of the two started from the Song Dynasty when Madame Lin was canonized by the then royal government; moreover, ＂Tianfei＂ as one of the personified sea goddesses did not become the synonym of sea god until the Yuan Dynasty which witnessed strong worship of ＂Tianfei＂. Second, Tianfei worshiped as omnipotent in the Song Dynasty was reduced to a patron saint of ocean shipping whose responsibilities were praying for rain, pacifying bandits, quelling tides, etc. Third, Tianfei was worshiped as the main protector of shipping in the Yuan Dynasty but not the only one. Other sea gods were canonized and worshipped such as ＂Narcissus Goddess＂ and ＂Four-Sea God＂.
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2014年第6期64-68,共5页
Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)
关键词
天妃
海神
崇拜
海运
元代
Tianfei
sea god
worship
ocean shipping
Yuan Dynasty
