摘要
2012年,山西襄汾县南贾镇上鲁村石沟砂场发现一件人类枕骨化石。该化石埋藏于汾河西岸第Ⅲ级阶地的砂砾层,地质时代可能是中更新世晚期。本文对枕骨形态特征进行描述,并将其与亚洲直立人、早期智人、早期现代人相关标本进行对比。观察发现,石沟古人类具有印加骨的形态特征,为中国古人类印加骨高频出现增添了新的证据;枕鳞中部没有发育枕骨圆枕,而具有最上项线,显示出枕骨形态的进步性,推测石沟古人类可能属于早期现代人。石沟古人类枕骨化石对于探讨中国及东亚地区古人类的系统演化问题提供了证据。
In 2012, a human occipital bone fossil was discovered by Zhou Yi, from the Museum of Dingcun, in a quarry （35°45.963′ N, 111°25.310′E） near Shigou village, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province in North China. The quarry is located about 10 km southeast of Xiangfen County, on the west bank of the Fenhe River, at an altitude of about 412 m above sea level. It is located on the third terrace of the Fenhe River valley. According to Zhou Yi and Wang Chongfa, the quarry owner, the occipital bone was recovered from the gravel mound after the sandy gravel matrix was sifted by workers, so the fossil should be from the sand-gravel layer. Since the quarry was excavated, the stratigraphic section onlyretained part of the gravel layer and the underlying strata. A bunker located 104m south of the quarry that also occurred on the third terrace retained a complete section. The complete exposed strata of the quarry includes： Malan loess, reddish soil, gray silty layer, gravel layer, marly silt layer, sand-gravel layer, marly silt layer and fine sandy layer. The geological age of the sand- gravel layer where the human fossil was located is late Middle Pleistocene. The fossil remains include part of the occipital squama specifically the right cerebral fossa, a portion of the left cerebral fossa, missing the basioccipital and exoccipital. A transverse suture is approximately 52.0mm at the superior border of the occipital squama and it indicates an Inca bone should exist between the parietal bones and the occipital bone. Considering the open occipital-mastoid suture and roughness of the outer surface, the occipital bone might belong to a young individual about 16-26 years of age. The wall of the cerebral fossa is about 6.5mm thick, within the range of variation in modem humans. The highest nuchal line is visible in the left part of the occipital squama, while the superior nuchal line, the highest nuchal line and the occipital toms are absent on the right side. In Homo erectus and archaic Homo sapiens fossils from China, the o
出处
《人类学学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期437-447,共11页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所重点部署项目(KN214405)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41072016)
关键词
人类枕骨
早期现代人
石沟采砂场
中更新世晚期
印加骨
Fossil human occipital
Early modern human
Shigou Quarry
Late middle Pleistocene
Inca bone
