摘要
干旱是造成中国北方玉米产量低而不稳的重要原因,为保证玉米既丰产又稳产,研究和筛选适宜的春玉米栽培品种至关重要;本试验在大田干旱条件下,选用生产上推广应用的春玉米代表品种,在穗期采用干旱胁迫和正常供水方法处理,对不同类型品种的产量及产量构成因素和抗旱性进行分析,结果表明,穗期受旱后密植型品种小区产量平均为12.14 kg,高于稀植型品种小区产量平均值10.4 kg;耐旱指数分析表明,以密植型品种‘大丰26’最高为0.89,而以稀植型品种‘农大108’最低为0.39,整体上密植型优于稀植型品种;同时结合产量构成因素分析表明,密度是影响产量的首要因子,其次才是穗粒数,而百粒重影响最小;试验中以‘大丰26’、‘先玉335’丰产及稳产性最好;因此,在干旱区选用适宜的密植型品种并推广玉米增密技术,是支撑未来玉米产业发展乃至粮食安全生产的重要途径。
Drought was the main reason that caused low and unstable maize yields in northern China. In order to ensure high and stable maize yields, it is important to research and find the suitable maize varieties. This experiment selected the typical maize normally watered soil in the heading varieties in production, and under conditions of drought stress and stage, the different maize varieties yields and yields components and drought resistance were researched. The resuhs showed that, under water stress in heading stage, the average small section yield of high density planting maize varieties was 12.14 kg, which was higher than that of the low density planting maize varieties （10.4 kg）; the analysis of drought resistance index showed that, the highest variety was ＇Dafeng26＇ （0.89）, which belonged ＇Nongdal08＇ （0.39）, which belonged to low to high density planting varieties, and the lowest variety was density planting varieties. The combined analysis of yield components showed that the density of planting was the most important factor that affected yields, and the second was kernel number, and the third was hundred grains weight. ＇Dafeng26＇ and ＇Xianyu335＇ had high and stable yield in the experiment. Therefore, to select high density planting maize varieties and promote maize cultivation technology of increased density were the important ways to sustain maize production and ensure food security in future.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2014年第27期77-81,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省基础研究项目青年科技研究基金"玉米品种穗期抗旱性鉴定指标的研究"(2012021023-1)
关键词
春玉米
穗期
干旱胁迫
产量
抗旱性
maize
heading stage
drought stress
yield
drought resistance
