摘要
目的:研究伊贝母鳞茎组织结构及主要药用成分在鳞茎中的分布部位。方法:采用植物解剖学和组织化学方法对不同栽培年限伊贝母鳞茎的显微组织结构以及生物碱、皂苷成分的分布进行观察研究。结果:伊贝母鳞茎主要由表皮、皮层薄壁组织、有限外韧型维管束组成。维管束的数目在伊贝母种间上有一定的差异,新疆贝母的维管束数目略大于伊犁贝母;生物碱主要存在于不同栽培年限伊贝母鳞茎的皮层薄壁组织细胞及维管束周围的薄壁组织细胞上,其总生物碱含量从高到低的顺序为:3年生的伊贝母≥4年生的伊贝母>5年生的伊贝母;皂苷主要存在于不同栽培年限伊贝母鳞茎的表皮细胞和维管束周围的薄壁组织细胞上,其总皂苷含量从高到低的顺序为:5年生的伊贝母≥4年生的伊贝母>3年生的伊贝母,在种间及同种植物的不同栽培年限或不同组织结构中,其生物碱与皂苷的含量存在差异。其中,以4年生伊贝母药材中的生物碱与皂苷含量较高,表明其药用价值也较高,因此推断第4年为最佳采收期。结论:伊贝母鳞茎中大量薄壁细胞是主要药用成分的分布部位,同时研究结果可为合理采收提供依据。
Objective： To study the structure of the bulbus of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae as w ell as the accumulating locations of the main medicinal composition and in the bulbus. Methods： Anatomical and histochemical methods were used to investigate micromorphological characters and locality of alkaloid and saponins in Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in different cultivating years. Results： The structure of bulk of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae was consisted of epidermis, parenchyma cell and vascular bundles. The number of vascular bundles are obviously different among the two species of Fritillaria walujewii Re- gel and Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk, the number of vascular bundles of Fritillaria walujewii Regel were higher than that of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. The color reaction and special crystal deposition sites indicated that the alkaloid was located in the parenchyma cell and vascular bundles near to parenchyma cell of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in different cultivating years. Furthermore, the alkaloid content of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae of three-year old was equal to that of Bulbus Fritillafiae pallidiflorae of four-year old, but they were higher than that of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae of five-year old. The color reaction and special crystal deposition sites indicated that the saponins was located in the epidermis and vascular bundles near to parenchyma cell of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in different cultivating years. Furthermore, the saponins content of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae of five-year old was equal to that ofBulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae of four-year old,but they were higher than that of Bulbus Fritillariae pal- lidiflorae of three-year old. The alkaloid and saponins contents are obviously different among the two spe- cies, different organs of the same species or different age of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae. Based on these results, we conclude that the highest saponins and alkaloid content is in the bulk of four-year old Fritill
出处
《中国野生植物资源》
2014年第5期14-18,共5页
Chinese Wild Plant Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81160544)
新疆自治区重点学科(XYDXK50780338)
关键词
新疆贝母
伊犁贝母
生物碱
皂苷
组织化学
Fritillaria walujewii
Fritillaria pallidiflora
alkaloid
saponins
histochemical
