摘要
中国古代戏剧发展到明代后期已经不是主要在舞台上演出,而更多地成为文人学者的案头读本。在这个嬗变过程中,首先是南戏对元杂剧的改革与戏剧写时事,在某种程度上为戏剧艺术形式从演出表达走向案头起了推动作用;其次是杂剧自身体制发展中的改革,即有的作品折数少至一折,有的一折中用两套北曲,有的则数剧合成一剧,还有的开场用南戏家门形式,以及用北只曲组场成剧等,为嬗变提供了坚实的基础。同时,道德题材的加强,使得戏剧作品更倾向于家庭生活内容的写述,而商业内容的增加则细化了生活的情节,这为戏剧由舞台演出向案头文学嬗变创造了条件;最后是明传奇宏大体制的实现,使得古代戏剧完成了向案头文学的嬗变。
In the late Ming dynasty,Chinese ancient operas were no longer mainly played on the stage but became more of the desk literature of scholars. During the evolution process,firstly,southern operas＇ reform to Yuan ZaJu operas and dramas on current affairs,to a certain extent,played an important role in promoting the evolution of dramatic art form from performance expressions to desk literatures. Secondly,the reform of the ZaJu opera in its own systematic development,had laid a solid foundation for the evolution. Meanwhile,the strengthening of moral subjects had made operas more inclined to narrations about family life while the increase of the commercial contents refined the plot of life. This created conditions for the evolution of dramas from the stage performance to the desk literature. Finally,the realization of the grand system of Ming legends promoted the completion of the evolution.
基金
教育部基金项目"东北少数民族文学传播"(项目编号:11YJAZH004)
沈阳师范大学重大原创项目"东北少数民族民俗载体研究与民俗载体学的创建"(项目编号:SSZD201105)
关键词
古代戏剧
案头文学
嬗变
ancient operas
desk literature
evolution
