摘要
目的探讨不同体育锻炼水平对老年人体质的影响。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取青岛市60-69岁老年人586例进行问卷调查和体质测试,分析不同体育锻炼水平对老年人体质水平的影响。结果青岛市老年人群中不锻炼者占52.0%,明显高于经常锻炼者（31.6%）和偶尔锻炼者（16.4%）,差异有显著意义（χ2=10.24、45.18,P〈0.05）;男性偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组的人体质量指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）和体脂率均低于经常锻炼组,差异有显著性（F=3.25-15.36,q=3.40-17.12,P〈0.05）;女性偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组的BMI和体脂率均低于经常锻炼组,差异有显著性（F=4.96、14.18,q=4.45-10.94,P〈0.05）。男性和女性偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组的脉搏、收缩压、舒张压和脉压差均高于经常锻炼组,差异有显著性（F=4.26-48.56,q=4.26-31.24,P〈0.05）;经常锻炼组的肺活量明显高于偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组,差异有显著性（F=9.62,q=7.47、8.69,P〈0.05）;偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组的握力、坐位体前屈和闭眼单脚站立时间均低于经常锻炼组,差异有显著性（F=4.09-7.15,q=4.04-5.89,P〈0.05）;经常锻炼组的选择反应时间明显低于偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组,差异有显著性（F=5.71,q=2.24、12.61,P〈0.05）。结论老年人经常参加体育锻炼者的身体形态、功能和素质水平均好于偶尔锻炼和不锻炼者。
Objective To investigate the effects of different physical exercise on body constitution of seniors. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to select 586 senior residents of Qingdao,aged 60—69,for questionnaire survey and physique test.The influence of different levels of physical exercise on physical fitness in the seniors was analyzed. Results In elderly population of Qingdao,those who never joined physical exercise accounted for 52.0%,much higher than 31.6%of regular exercisers,and 16.4%of those occasional exercisers,the differences were significant（χ2=10.24,45.18;P〈0.05）.In male,the body mass index（BMI）,waist/hip ratio（WHR）and body fat rate（BFR）were lower in those who never or occasionally joined physical training than those regular exercisers（F=3.25-15.36,q=3.40-17.12,P〈0.05）;the BMI and FR in females who did not or occasionally did physical training were lower than those regular exercisers,the differences were significant（F=4.96,14.18;q=4.45-10.94;P〈0.05）.The pulse rate,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and pulse pressure were higher,both males and females,in those occasional exercisers and those never exercised versus regular ones（F=4.26-48.56,q=4.26-31.24,P〈0.05）.The vital capacity of those regular exercisers was higher than those non-regular ones（F=9.62;q=7.47,8.69;P〈0.05）.The gripping power was weaker,the time of body anteflexion on sitting position,and the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed were shorter in non-regular exercisers than those regular ones（F=4.09-7.15,q=4.04-5.89,P〈0.05）.The choice reaction time was markedly shorter in regular exerciser than non-regular ones（F=5.71;q=2.24,12.61;P〈0.05）. Conclusion Seniors who regularly participate in physical training have a better form,function and fitness of the body than those non-regular exercisers.
出处
《青岛大学医学院学报》
CAS
2014年第6期538-540,共3页
Acta Academiae Medicinae Qingdao Universitatis
关键词
身体锻炼
老年人
体质
青岛
exercise movement techniques； aged； body constitution； Qingdao
