4Guttmann A, Schull M J, Vermeulen M J, et al. Association between waiting times and short term mortality and hospital admission after departure from emergency department: population based cohort study from Ontario, Canada[J]. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 2011, 342. 被引量：1
3IOM. IOM report: the future of emergency care in the United States health system [J]. Acad Emerg Med, 2006, 13 (10) : 1081-1085. 被引量：1
4US General Accounting Office. Emergency departments: unevenly affected by growth and change in patient use [ R ]. Washington : US General Accounting Office, 1993. 被引量：1
5US General Accounting Office. Hospital emergency departments: crowded conditions vary among hospitals and communities [ R ]. Washington: US General Accounting Office, 2003. 被引量：1
6Fatovieh DM, Nagree Y. Sprivulis P. Access block causes emergency department overcrowding and ambulance diversion in Perth, Western Australia [ J]. Emerg Med J, 2005, 22 (5) : 351-354. 被引量：1
7Richardson DB. The access-block effect: relationship between delay to reaching an inpatient bed and inpatient length of stay [ J ]. Med J Aust, 2002, 177 (9) : 492-495. 被引量：1
8Rathlev NK, Chessare J, Olshaker J, et al. The probability of ambulance diversion as a function of inpatient occupancy [ J ]. AnnEmerg Med, 2004, d4 Suppl: $29. 被引量：1
9Schull MJ, Lazier K, Vermuelen M, et al. Emergency department contributors to ambulance diversion. A quantitative analysis [ J ]. Ann Emerg Med, 2003, 41 (4) : 467-76. 被引量：1
10Bucheli B, Martina B. Reduced length of stay in medical emergency department patients: a prospective controlled study on emergency physician staffing [J]. Eur J Emerg Med, 2004, 11 (1): 99- 34. 被引量：1
