摘要
目的分析农村户主文化程度与家庭饮用水、改厕、垃圾污水处理等卫生行为的关系,为制定卫生政策提供科学依据。方法根据分层随机抽样原则在全省21个市(州)抽取52个监测县1 040个行政村共5 200户家庭进行入户调查,通过现场观察、走访和询问的方式完成调查表的填写。结果 4 869有效调查户家庭中,户主文化程度以初中为主(49.9%),家庭饮水类型以井水为主(56.1%),饮水习惯以喝开水为主(81.4%),生活污水排放方式以明沟为主(39.6%),使用卫生厕所77.7%,饭前便后洗手63.7%,将垃圾丢在固定的垃圾箱/池52.2%,能保持家庭环境卫生清洁56.4%。不同文化程度家庭与卫生行为习惯比较为:饮水类型、饮水习惯、使用厕所类型、洗手习惯、垃圾丢弃点、生活污水排放方式和环境卫生状况总体构成比差异均有统计学意义(χ2饮水类型=43.23、χ2饮水习惯=157.43、χ2厕所类型=140.09、χ2洗手习惯=115.50,χ2垃圾丢弃=43.37,χ2污水排放=127.00,χ2环境卫生状况=235.29,P<0.05)。结论四川省农村户主文化程度较高的家庭更容易形成良好的卫生意识、保持良好的卫生行为习惯。应大力发展农村教育事业,从根本上提升农民素质进而帮助形成良好的卫生习惯。
Objective To explore the association of education degree of householders and domestic health behaviors among rural residents in Sichuan province,and thus to provide basis for formulating pertinent health policies. Methods Based on random sampling,household survey was conducted in 1040 administrative villages of52 counties of 21 cities /autonomous prefectures of Sichuan province. Questionnaires were completed by observing,visiting and interviewing on the spot. Results Of the 4869 valid questionnaires,householders with junior middle school took 49. 9%; well water took a portion of 56. 1% of the drinking water at home; 81. 4% of the informants drinking boiled water; 77. 7% used sanitary lavatory; the proportion of those with habits of washinghands before meals and after toilet was 63. 7%; 52. 2%families dropped rubbish into dustbin; the rate of maintaining environmental health was 56. 4%. There were statistical differences among different education degrees in terms of the constituent ratios of types of drinking water,drinking habits,types of lavatory,habits of washing hands,rubbish dropping,discharge of domestic sewage and status of environmental health（ χ2饮水类型= 43. 23,χ2饮水习惯= 157. 43,χ2厕所类型= 140. 09,χ2洗手习惯= 115. 50,χ2垃圾丢弃= 43. 37,χ2污水排放= 127. 00,χ2环境卫生状况= 235. 29,all P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Householders with higher culture degree tend to have better health consciousness and more proper health behaviors and habits. It is necessary to strive to develop rural education and thus to elevate the health essence and in turn to form proper health habits.
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2014年第9期695-699,共5页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
基金
卫生部疾病预防控制局(全国爱国卫生办公室)资助项目
关键词
农村
户主文化程度
家庭卫生行为
关系
rural area
culture degree of householder
health behavior at home
relationship
