摘要
根据最严格环境保护制度提出的背景和被赋予的使命,可以将其理解为:在当前经济社会发展阶段和技术水平条件下,为解决突出生态环境问题、确保生态环境阈值底线不被逾越和突破,以及满足生态文明建设目标需求和要求而制定的更具刚性和约束力、且能够有效实施和执行的环境保护制度。最严格环境保护制度的基本框架包括制度目标、制度体系、制度执行与制度考核等要素,具有阶段性与动态性、科学性与公平性、区域性与差异性、可达性与有效性等基本特征。长期来看,建立和完善最严格的环境保护制度是整个制度体系的刚性化和严格化,需要对当前制度体系进行整体和系统改造,对制度框架中各要素进行普遍升级,最终建立最严格的环境法治、环境管控和环境经济制度体系。其中,环境法治制度要成为统领环境保护全局的根本性制度,法律体系要体现生态文明建设目标要求,环境司法要成为解决环境问题的主要途径和手段,环境监管和执法体系要体现独立性、权威性和刚性;环境管控制度要围绕环境质量改善和环境健康风险防控目标、为社会公众提供优良的环境公共产品、实现环境管理战略转型而进行设计和改进;环境经济制度要能够在生态环境保护资源配置中发挥决定性作用,促使经济活动朝着资源节约和环境友好的方向调整。长期来看,建立和完善最严格环境保护制度需要结合当前的环境管理能力和需求,在现有的环境保护制度框架下,将一部分亟需建立、改进或落实的制度严格化,以解决目前最为突出的环境和制度问题。
According to its political background and mission, the strictest environmental protection institution can be comprehended as ： under current stage of economic and social development and technology conditions, an environmental protection institution system for solving outstanding environmental problems, ensuring the ecological bottom line not been crossed, as well as to meet the needs and goals of ecological civilization, such as stricter, more effective and implementable system than current system. The framework of strictest environmental protection institution system includes the elements such as institutional targets, system, implementation and evaluation, with the characteristics such as periodic and dynamic, scientific and fairness, regional and differences, achievable and effectiveness. In the long-term, the establishment of the strictest environmental protection institution is to reform the overall environmental protection system comprehensively and systematically, and promote the rigorous of the entire environmental protection system, in order to ultimately establish the strictest environmental law, management and economic system. Among them, the environmental legal system needs to be fundamental to guide the overall environmental protection, the laws should reflect the objectives and requirements of ecological civilization, environmental justice should be the main way to solve environmental problems, and environmental regulation and enforcement system should reflect the independence, authority and rigidity. The environmental control system should focus on the goals of improving the environment quality and preventing environmental risk, providing excellent environmental products for the public, and achieving strategic environmental management transformation. The environmental economic system should be able to play a decisive role in the allocation of environmental resources, in order to promote economic activity towards a resource-saving and environment-friendly reorientation. In the short-term, based on
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第10期1-5,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
环境保护部国库资金项目"环境法制-环境保护制度研究"(编号:2110105)
关键词
最严格
环境保护制度
内涵
框架
改革思路
strictest
environmental protection institution
concept
framework
reform direction
