摘要
越南某些学者认为,西方文献记载的Paracel可以成为越南主张西沙群岛主权的证据。韩振华等中国学者对此进行了批驳。本文在韩振华研究的基础上,通过进一步搜集西文古地图,对Paracel向西沙群岛演变的历史进行重新梳理。从16世纪初至19世纪初,在包括文字与地图在内的西文文献中,Paracel专指位于越南东海的"牛角"沙礁——尽管沙礁的绝大部分并不存在。1808-1810年,西人开始用Paracel命名西沙群岛,1832年以后,"牛角"在西文地图中消失。1845年以后,Paracel专指西沙群岛。在地理学上,"牛角"Paracel与西沙群岛Paracel一直被认为是两个各自独立,且不混淆的地理存在。在地图学上,由于丹尼尔·罗斯与詹姆斯·豪斯伯格将地理上不存在的"牛角"Paracel之名转移到西沙群岛,才造成两个地理形态的重名与混淆。1838年塔伯尔特主教所绘《安南大国画图》,是其窃取1810-1817年英国《豪斯伯格航海指南》相关地图的结果。《豪斯伯格航海指南》所载是经过测绘的西沙群岛Paracel,而非1837年塔伯尔特本人在《印度支那地理记略》中描绘的越南嘉隆王插旗的"牛角"Paracel。
Some Vietnamese scholars just take it for granted that Paracel,as recorded in western literature,is a proof of Vietnamese sovereignty over Xisha Qundao(Xisha Islands). The refutation of this claim has been made by such Chinese scholars as Han Zhenhua. Based on previous researches and the western literature of ancient maps collected,the present authors try to go through and make clear the history of the name changes in Xisha Qundao. In the period of the early 16 th up to the early19 th centuries,Paracel was used to exclusively refer to the horn-shape sandbanks in the sea east to Vietnam. Between the years 1808-1810,the westerners began to name Xisha Qundao after Paracel.The horn-shape sandbanks then disappeared from Western maps after 1832. Since 1845,Paracel has been used to exclusively refer to Xisha Qundao. Geographically,the horn-shape Paracel and Xisha Qundao were two independent geographic entities of clear distinctions. Technically,it was Daniel Ross and James Horsburgh's misuse of the name of the horn-shape Paracel,a geographical nonexistent,to refer to Xisha Qundao that resulted in the duplication of name,and hence confusion in naming two geographical entities with distinctive features. The Annam Dai QuocHoa Do,published in1838 by Bishop Jean-Louis Taberd,was a product based on the map information from the Indian Directory complied by the British hydrographer James Horsburgh. His directory recorded Xisha Qundao Paracel as surveyed,but not the horn-shape Paracel as described by Taberd in his Note on the Geography of Cochin China,in which he narrated that King Gia Long once planted a flag on it.
出处
《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期19-34,157,共16页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金资助项目"基于地图文献与GIS技术的南海地名汇释与考证"(13BTQ039)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"民国时期中国政府维护南海主权的档案资料整理与研究"(11JZD011)
