摘要
文章利用三次“中国妇女社会地位调查”数据，系统描述了1990～2010年两性时间利用的变动趋势、现状及特点，得出以下主要结论：一是女性的时间分配呈现“三短二长”的特点，即与男性相比，女性具有工作时间短、学习时间短、闲暇时间短，而家务时间长、睡眠时间略长的特点。综合来看，她们的总劳动时间超过男性，劳动负担更重，尤其是城镇女性。二是婚姻对两性时间分配的作用相反：婚姻增加男性的工作时间，减少其家务时间，但降低女性的工作时间，婚姻增加其家务时间，表明婚后女性会牺牲自己的工作、学习和休闲娱乐时间，来维持家庭运行和经营婚姻。三是较高的教育和收入有助于把女性从繁重的家务中解放出来，但她们过长的家务时间又阻碍了收入的提升。无酬劳动占用女性太多的时间，不利其社会劳动参与、学习和休闲，使她们具有更大的依赖性。故此，推进性别平等，必须同时从公共领域和私人领域着手，需要倡导两性之间更为有利于性别平等的时间分配模式，需要倡导家庭内部分工的互助性和分担性。
Using data from the China Women Social Status Survey , this paper describes the status , trend and associates of time use between males and females in 1990 -2010.Analytical results suggest that females ’ time use is characterized by shorter working hours , study time and leisure time, but much longer housework hours , compared to males ’ .Since females ’ housework time is over two-hours longer than males ’ , leading to a heavier burden among females than males .Also,nbsp;marriage is associated with time use divergently for males and females：increasing males ’ work hours and reducing their housework hours , while it is the opposite for females , suggesting that married females tend to sacrifice their social work time （ and also leisure time and study time ） to maintain marriage and the family .While better education and higher income reduce the gender disparity in time use, they are not strongly enough to combat traditional gender role .Since non-paid work takes on females’ too much time, they have to rely more on their family members, particularly among those who are married.Hence, it is necessary to promote a more equal and balanced time use mode in promoting gender equality in China .
出处
《人口与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期3-12,共10页
Population & Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"新时期中国妇女社会地位调查研究"(10@ZH020)
关键词
时间利用
时间分配
性别差异
time use
time allocation
gender difference
