摘要
康德和马克思关于人类历史进程的思考都从一个哲学人类学的基本问题开始:人是什么及其应该是什么?这一命题以"人的使命"的形式出现在康德的体系之中,而以"人的解放"的形式出现在马克思早期的著述之中。在哲学人类学的层面上,康德和马克思的理论目的是一致的,它们最终都指向人的自由在经验和历史中的彻底实现。但二者在对人的自由的内涵及其在经验层面得以实现的可能性的理解上存在着极大的分歧,这一分歧也造成了自由主义与马克思主义在政治哲学上最根本的对立,以及对人类社会发展的最终历史形态的预测的差异:永久和平与共产主义社会的分歧最终根源于对人的自由及其现实可能性的不同理解。
Kant and Marx＇s view on the human history begin both with a philosophical- anthropological question： what is human and what should it be？ This theme arises in Kant＇s philosophical system as ＂the vocation of man＂, and in Marx＇s early writings as ＂the emancipation of man＂. On the basis of the philosophical anthropology Kant and Marx＇s philosophy of history have the same terminal point; they suggest that the process of historical progress should end up with the complete realization of human freedom in the experience. However, about human freedom and the possibility of its realization they have the quite different understanding, which also leads to the essential opposition between Liberalism and Marxism, and the divergence in terms of the prediction about the ideal historical status of human society. The difference between the perpetual peace and the communist society originates ultimately in the different understanding of human freedom and the real possibility of its realization.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第9期41-51,29,共12页
Academic Monthly
关键词
自由
人的本质
人的使命
人的解放
历史目的论
freedom, the essence of human being, the vocation of man, the emancipation of man,historical teleology
