摘要
耿宁对王阳明的"良知"概念曾提出不同的诠释。在其论文集《心的现象》中,最初他将王阳明的"良知"概括为一种"自知"。接着,耿宁区分王阳明的"良知"概念在不同时期的不同涵义:前期的"良知"概念承自孟子关于"良知、良能"与"四端"的文本,而四端"还不是德性本身,但却是德性的萌芽、德性的开端"。后期的"良知"概念则是借孟子所谓的"是非之心"来诠释"良知",是在每个意念中的内在意识,包括对善与恶的意念之意识。在《人生第一等事》中,耿宁还提出了王阳明后期的另一个"良知"概念,即"良知本体"的概念,亦即"本原知识的本己(真正)本质"。然而,孟子的"四端"之心并非只是"德性的开端",而是我们对良知的不同侧面之直接意识,它已是德性,已是完善状态。耿宁将"良知"理解为"自知"的看法无法贯彻于他的三个"良知"概念,只能适用于第二及第三个"良知"概念,而完全无法适用于第一个"良知"概念。此外,耿宁过分窄化了孟子的"是非之心",因为它也包含于其他三"端"之中,同时包含理性与情感两面。
Iso Kern has given different interpretations of Wang Yangming 's conception of 'liang zhi'(original knowing). In his collection of Chinese essays entitled The Phenomena of Heart/Mind, he at first generalized Wang Yangming's conception of 'liang zhi' as a kind of 'self-knowing', and then distinguished the different meanings of Wang Yangming's conception of 'liang zhi' in different stages: Wang Yangming's conception of 'liang zhi' in the earlier stage stemmed from Mencius' writings about 'liang zhi', 'liang neng', and 'four buddings'. According tothese texts, 'liang zhi' is 'not yet virtue itself, but the bud and beginning of virtue'. In the later stage, Wang Yangming interpreted 'liang zhi' via Mencius' conception of 'the heart/mind of discriminating between right and wrong', which meant the inner consciousness of all intentions, including the consciousness of both good and evil intentions. In his monograph entitled The Most Important Thing in Life, however, Kern suggested another conception of 'liang zhi' in the later Wang Yangming, namely 'liang zhi ben ti,' which meant 'the proper(true) essence of original knowing'.This paper will show that Mencius' 'four buddings' are not only 'the beginning of virtue', but also our direct consciousness of the different aspects of 'liang zhi', which has already been virtue in its actualized status. Kern's interpretation of 'liang zhi' as 'self-knowing' cannot cover all of his three conceptions of 'liang zhi', and it can be only applied to his second and third conceptions of 'liang zhi'. In addition, Kern narrowed Mencius' conception of'the heart of discriminating between right and wrong', which is included in each of the other three 'buddings' and covers the rational and emotional aspects at the same time.
出处
《哲学分析》
2014年第4期40-50,197-198,共11页
Philosophical Analysis
关键词
耿宁
王阳明
良知
四端
Iso Kern
Wang Yang-ming
liang zhi
four buddings
