摘要
DNA条形码技术在生物分类学、进化生态学、分子系统学、生物多样性科学、医学检疫等学科和领域发挥着重要作用.本文梳理了近些年国内外以森林大样地为平台,利用植物DNA条形码(即叶绿体基因片段rbcL,matK和trnH-psbA)在群落水平研究获得的若干重要进展.围绕植物DNA条形码技术如何应用于大样地群落学研究这一主线,从基本原理出发,以研究案例为基础进行了相应的评述,提炼出以下4方面:(1)鉴别群落水平上的植物材料时,利用多个DNA条形码片段的组合能达到较高的物种鉴别率,而单个片段效果较好的为trnH-psbA,其次是matK和rbcL;(2)构建大样地植物群落系统发育关系时,搭配使用不同进化速率的条形码片段,以超级矩阵(Supermatrix)方法排列DNA序列,在系统发育树构建软件上可获取较好的分支精度并得到较高的节点支持率;(3)DNA条形码系统发育关系与群落生态学研究结合时,能增强对群落共存机制和群落构建方式的探索和阐释能力;(4)DNA条形码系统发育关系应用于生物多样性指数计算时,能增强多样性指数的分辨能力和评估手段.植物DNA条形码技术已在类群和群落水平上应用并得到较好的效果;建议与传统的Phylomatic等方法互补优势,在原有基础上进行适当的完善,如优化取样策略、增加具有更多信息量的核基因片段ITS等,提升DNA条形码技术的整体性能,使该技术在区域和全球水平上开展群落学研究时也能较好地应用.
Plant DNA barcoding technology has important applications in biodiversity, taxonomy, evolutionary ecology, molecular systematics, and forensics studies. This paper summarizes important progress in the application of plant DNA barcodes （specifically, rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA） at the community level, presenting the rationale and case studies in the context of global forest dynamics plots. The results showed that the single DNA barcode region trnH-psbA achieved the highest rate of correct species identification, followed by matK and rbcL. Combining the three barcode regions resulted in excellent discrimination of plant species and reconstruction of community phylogenies （with improved topological resolution and high bootstrap support values for nodes） both in the tropics and subtropics. Furthermore, integration of plant DNA barcodes with community ecology may not only strengthen the capability to explore and elucidate mechanisms of community assembly, but also improve the efficiency of comparative evaluation of biodiversity indexes. Plant DNA barcoding is proven to be effective in research at the clade and community levels. The toolkit is also expected to show promise at the regional and global scales with refinements, such as optimization of sampling strategy and addition of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region to increase the genetic information content, and to improve the technology＇s performance.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第24期2333-2341,共9页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31200471)
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(20140430105)
中国林业科学院热带林业研究基本科研业务费专项(RITFYWZX201208)资助
关键词
生命条形码
生物群落
森林生物多样性
监测网络
整合生物学
barcode of life, biological community, forest biodiversity monitoring network, integrative biology
