摘要
生物入侵是当今世界亟待解决的三大环境问题之一,芦苇(Phragmites australis)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)均为世界著名入侵种,作为研究生物入侵的模式植物,它们在全球范围内具有相互入侵的特性,芦苇在北美入侵互花米草群落、互花米草在欧洲和中国入侵芦苇群落。芦苇和互花米草都为禾本科(Gramineae)植物,具有克隆植物共有的生理生态特征。以往的研究表明,二者的竞争能力相差不大,对生境也具有相似的适应特征,本文比较了芦苇和互花米草的生长能力、表型可塑性、生境适应能力和耐盐、耐淹能力,指出它们的入侵模式既相似又有区别:人为因素的干扰为芦苇和互花米草入侵提供了机会,而芦苇较强的利用土壤养分的能力和竞争能力、互花米草较强的抗胁迫能力和有性繁殖能力,分别为二者在新生境中定居并扩散提供了重要的生理基础。通过结合生境分析,可以理解芦苇和互花米草在不同区域的相互入侵特征,并预测两种植物的潜在入侵区。
Biological invasion is one of the three important environmental problems, which need to be solved urgently. The invasive mechanism from all aspects has been studied. Phragmites australis and Spartina alterni- flora are two kinds of model plants for the research on invasion, which are very famous of their invasive abili- ties. Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora can invade habitats mutually. In North American Phragrnites australis invaded Spartina alterniflora communities, but in Europe and East China, Spartiaa alterniJlora invad- ed Phragmites australis communities. Both Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora belong to poaceae and they are asexual. Former researches indicated that Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora have similar competitive abilities. This review analyzed the invasive pattern of the two species from two aspects of invasive ability and invasive passages. Their photosynthetic capacity, phenotypic plasticity, adaptive ability to habitat and stress tolerance capacity were compared. It is proposed that the invasive pattem of Phragrnites australis and Spartina alterniflora has some similar characteristics and some different characteristics. In all, human activities supplied an opportunity for both of the two species＇ invasiveness. Phragmites australis has strong nutrient utilization ability, while Spartina alterniflora has strong stress-tolerant ability and breeding ability, which are also necessary for the two species＇ invasiveness.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期533-538,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31170387)
国家"十一五"科技支撑重大项目课题(2006BAC01A14)
上海市科委"登山行动计划"崇明生态建设重大项目(06DZ2303)
上海市生态学重点学科项目
华东师范大学211工程项目资助
关键词
入侵植物
芦苇
互花米草
入侵力
入侵模式
invasive plant
Phragmites australis
Spartina alterniflora
invasive ability
invasive pattern
