摘要
研究目的:通过综述作物对纳米材料的吸收途径和积累,以及纳米材料对农作物生长和营养的影响,为纳米污染在农业中的风险提供理论分析和启示。创新要点:归纳了纳米材料被作物吸收的路径和对作物生理、遗传、营养各水平上产生的胁迫。重要结论:当前纳米与作物的研究应集中在食品安全相关的问题上,考虑农业实际情况和环境因素,分析纳米材料通过食物链富集和传递的可能性,探讨纳米材料与其他土壤有机污染物可能产生的复合污染。
Engineered nanomaterials （ENMs） are being discharged into the environment and to agricultural fields, with unknown impacts on crop species. In this paper, we review the literature on ENMs uptake, translocation/distribution, and generational transmission in various crop species, as well as potential material trophic transfer. Previous studies reveal that ENM-exposed crops exhibit adaptive processes in response to stress, including endocytosis/endosome activities, production of antioxidant enzymes, regulation of genes related to cell division/extension and membrane transport. Some agronomic traits of crops are compromised during the adaption response, including photosynthesis, fruit yields, nutritional quality and nitrogen fixation. Cultivation of crops in ENMs-contaminated environments has unknown implications for food safety and quality. Notably, mechanisms underlying ENMs phytotoxicity and bioavailability are unclear. Additional investigations focused on developing novel techniques for in vivo identification/characterization of ENMs are critically needed. Given the abundance of uncertainty in the literature, it is clear that more research is urgently needed in the area of ENMs-crop interactions;only then can one accurately assess exposure, risk, and overall implications for food safety and also enable guidance development for the sustainable implementation of nanotechnology in agriculture and food production/manufacturing.
基金
Project supported by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative(USDA-AFRI)(No.2011-67006-30181)
the USDA-AFRI Hatch Program(No.MAS 00978)
关键词
纳米材料
植物吸收
食物链传递
食品安全
Engineered nanomaterials （ENMs）, Uptake, Trophic transfer, Food safety, Toxicity and impact
