摘要
野生黑猩猩花费相当多的时间觅食、处理食物,而在笼养条件下,由于有限的空间和程序化的喂食方式,导致黑猩猩缺少对环境的探索和对食物的搜寻处理,往往发生一些行为和生理的变化,其中刻板行为的出现和较高的粪便应激激素,显示出动物处于不理想的福利状况中。为了改善这一情况,我们于2012年5月1日-6月21日对杭州动物园7只黑猩猩进行了食物丰容,并采用了行为和粪便应激激素——皮质醇作为评价丰容效果的两种指标。行为观察采片焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法,记录8：30-10：30和14：00-16：0）0的动物行为并统计其行为频率。通过比较丰容前后每种行为的变化发现：在食物丰容后,黑猩猩的不活跃行为和刻板行为显著降低（T=6.156,P=0.001;T=2.613,P=0.04）,表现出更多的攀爬（T=-4.200,P=0.006）和探究行为（T=-4.902,P=0.005）,而大大减少了玩耍行为（T=8.039,P=0.000）。通过对粪便皮质醇激素的酶联免疫测定显示,3只成年个体的粪便样品中的皮质醇含量呈现下降趋势。通过行为和内分泌的检测结果显示黑猩猩的福利状况通过食物丰容得到了一定的改善,这为继续开展黑猩猩的整体丰容计划提供了一定的经验基础。
Wild chimpanzees spend a lot of time searching for and handling food.Captive chimpanzees.however,due to the limited space and feeding method,do not have opportunities to search for and handle food.This can lead to behavioral and physiological changes,such as stereotypic behaviors and higher fecal Cortisol which are related to poor welfare.To improve this situation,we conducted environmental enrichment by providing puzzle feeders to seven chimpanzees at Hangzhou Zoo from 1 May to 21 June 2012.We used behavior and fecal Cortisol as two metrics to evaluate the effect of enrichment.We observed chimpanzee behavior using focal animal sampling and instantaneous scans daily at 8：30-10：30 hrs and 14：00-16：00 hrs.The frequency of each behavior was recorded and fecal Cortisol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay（EUSA）.Inaction and stereotypic behaviors declined significantly（T = 6.156,P = 0.001 and T=2.613,P=0.04,respectively）.After short-term food enrichment,chimpanzees tended to climb（T=-4.200,P=0.006）and explore more often（T=-4.902,P=0.005）,while greatly reducing play behavior（T=8.039,P=0.000）.The fecal Cortisol level declined in three adult chimpanzees.In summer,both behavioral and endocrine results indicated that the welfare of chimpanzees has been improved to some extent after food enrichment.This provided experience to guide further environment enrichment projects for chimpanzees.
出处
《野生动物学报》
2014年第3期282-288,共7页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
杭州西湖风景名胜区科技发展计划(2011-007)资助
关键词
黑猩猩
食物丰容
刻板行为
皮质醇
Chimpanzees
Food puzzle
Stereotypic behaviours
Cortosol
