摘要
对持久性有机污染物全氟辛烷磺酸（Perfluorooctane Sulfonate,PFOS）在环境中的污染分布、生物累积性、生态毒性及降解研究进展进行了综述。中国、美国、日本等国家不同地区水环境的监测中普遍检出PFOS,其质量浓度范围在未检出~458 ng/L;沉积物中的PFOS质量比在未检出~11 ng/g dw;甚至在一些国家的饮用水中也有PFOS检出,质量浓度在0~57 ng/L。研究表明,PFOS能够在生物体内累积并沿食物链逐级放大,具有生物累积和生物放大性;通过对生物组织内的PFOS检测发现,肝脏中的PFOS质量比较其他组织高,由此推断,肝脏很有可能是PFOS蓄积的主要靶器官。目前,就PFOS的生态毒性研究已逐步深入,通过对一些水生生物和大鼠的毒性试验表明,一定量的PFOS会对试验生物造成器官损伤,并具有一定的免疫、生殖及胚胎毒性。关于PFOS的降解研究目前还较缺乏,微生物降解、超声波降解、化学还原降解等尚处于研究阶段。今后在PFOS对陆生生物的生态毒性研究、新的降解方法寻求这两方面还需进一步探索。
This article intends to introduce the pollution insitu of the perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS）, its pollution distribution in the en vironment, in addition to its bioaecumulation, its ecological toxicity and its degradation research advances in hoping to provide the basic and comprehensive statistical data in the research area. As a matter of fact, the PFOS has aroused a common concern in the world as a kind of new persistent pollutant, a degradation product of perfluorinated compounds （PFCs） and a fullyfluorinated anionic surfactant. As a result of the latest research, PFOS has been widely found in wa ter and sediment samples from the different countries and regions all over the world, whose concentrations may range from the minor con tents to 458 ng/L in the water. And, to some extent, it can be said not yet to be detected to 11 ng/g dw in the sediments. It can hardly be found that there exist 0 57 ng/L PFOS in the drinking water samples. The available research reports even tell us that PFOS can accumulate in the organisms, and can be amplified along with the food chain, with the liver being the main target organ of its biological accumulation. Other research results reveal that PFOS is harmful to some aquatic organisms, due to its toxicity, such as the organic toxi city, the embryonic toxicity, the reproduction toxicity and the im mune toxicity. In addition, due to its hydrophobic and oleophobic properties, high chemical stability and bioinertia, it is also difficult for PFOS to be degraded under natural conditions. All the above said difficulties contribute to the poor situation that at present, the micro bial degradation, ultrasonic degradation and the chemical reduction degradation still remain in the stage of exploration and development. Thus, it can be said that the study of PFOS should be focused more on the risks of the toxicity for the terrestrial organisms. What is more, more work remains in need to work out more efficient and con venient methods for PFOS degradation.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期207-212,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
上海市教委科研创新项目(10ZZ103)
上海市教委重点学科建设项目(J50701)
上海市高校知识服务平台项目(ZF1206)
关键词
环境学
全氟辛烷磺酸
污染水平
生物蓄积
生态毒性
降解
environmentology
perfluorooctane sulfonate
polluted levels
bioaccumulation
ecotoxicity
degradation
