摘要
利用FDS模拟某酒店火灾发展过程,获得火灾增长过程、烟气蔓延规律及相关参数,分析人体极限温度、CO致死体积分数及极限O2体积分数3项致死因素,验证酒店火灾致死的主要原因。结果表明,酒店火灾发生360 s时,夹层火势达到全盛时期;477 s时,各楼层客房内均有烟气进入。最后验证了导致酒店人员死亡最主要的原因是CO中毒,其次为高温灼伤。离火源位置越近,致死原因越有可能是高温灼伤;离火源位置越远,致死原因越有可能是CO中毒。
The purpose of this article is to analyze and testify the ho tel fire spreading process and the chief causative factors for human ca sualty. For this purpose, we have built in this paper a FDS simulation model specifically used for analyzing the temperature fields, the CO concentration and the volume fraction of O2 about 1.5 m above each death point. Then, we have worked out the time for each factor to reach a critical point, such as the temperature limit for human body, the CO lethal concentration and the volume fraction limit of O2. Thus, it can be found that the death is simply caused by the critical moment for each factor to reach the deathcausing point. The investi gation results we have gained can be stated as follows ： the fire of in terlayer would come to its glory in 360 seconds later when the hotel fire began. And, in 477 seconds later after the fire started, the smoke would be pushed into all the rooms of each floor. And, in turn, in 513 seconds, the visibility of the fire tends to shrink to less than 5 m, with 1.5 m of the visibility being above the death point. Since the temperature limit for human body is about 1.5 m above the death point 1, 2 and 3, the CO concentration would quickly reach the lethal point, and in turn the death rate would increase fast with the death points coming due to the high temperature scalding. The tem perature about 1.5 m above the death point 4 and 5 tends to reach the human tolerance limit while the CO concentration tends to reach the lethal concentration due to the joint effects of high temperature scald ing and CO poisoning. The CO concentration about 1.5 m above death point 1, 2 and 3 is likely to lead the lethal concentration sooner than the temperature reaching the limit for human tolerances, at which the death is mainly caused by CO poisoning. And, finally, it has shown that the main cause of staff death is the CO poisoning fol lowed by the high temperature scalding. The nearer the fire position, the more likely reason to cause the death is high temperature scald
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期40-44,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
湖南省科技厅重点项目(2013SK2004)
关键词
安全工程
酒店火灾
数值模拟
致死原因
火灾调查
safety engineering
hotel fire
numerical simulation
cause of death
fire investigation
