摘要
以大穗型超级杂交稻甬优8号为材料,研究不同麦秸还田(麦秸全量还田与麦秸不还田)和灌溉方式(轻干湿交替灌溉、重干湿交替灌溉和浅水层灌溉)对茎鞘光合同化物生产、运转及产量特性的影响。结果表明:结实期灌溉方式对茎鞘物质运转及产量特性有较大影响,与浅水层灌溉相比,秸秆还田与不还田条件下干湿交替灌溉均提高茎鞘物质积累输出率与转换率;轻干湿交替灌溉增加籽粒的充实度、结实率和千粒重,重干湿交替灌溉则相反。结实期土壤水分对弱势粒粒重影响较大,强势粒粒重相对较为稳定;轻干湿交替灌溉提高强、弱势粒的结实率、充实度和粒重,有利于产量的形成,秸秆还田处理明显大于非秸秆还田处理。麦秸秆还田与结实期土壤水势互作可提高生育后期茎鞘干物质积累量、茎鞘物质输出率与运转率及非结构性碳水化合物运转率。
Using Yongyou 8 as a material, the purpose of the study were to investigate the effects of two applications of wheat straw-residue to field （all wheat straw residue to field, SRF;no wheat straw residue to field, NSRF） and three irrigation patterns consist of alternate wetting and moderate soil drying （MD, re-watered when soil water potential reached -20 kPa at 15-20 cm）, alternate wetting and severe soil drying （SD, re-watered when soil water potential reached -40 kPa at 15-20 cm） and Water-saving irrigation on NSC of stem and sheath, transportation percentage, and yield characteristics during post-anthesis grain filling stage. The study showed that irrigation patterns during the grain filling greatly influenced photoassimilate transportation of stem and rice yield. Compared with Water-saving irrigation, under the condition of SRF and NSRF MD enhanced the dry matter accumulation of stem and sheath at late grain-filling stages, it also had higher grain plumpness index,setting rate and thousand kernel weight, but SD was on the contrary. Soil moisture condition during the grain filling greatly influenced the thousand kernel weight of inferior grains, the superior grains was relatively stable. MD enhanced the setting rate, plumpness index and thousand kernel weight of superior and inferior grains, and was conducive to the formation of rice yield. The yields of SRF were higher than those of the NSRF. Their output and transportation percentage and NSC transportation percentage were a^so improved under condition of the interactions of the SFR and water stress of soil.
出处
《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期59-64,共6页
Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31171490)
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK2011269)
江苏省农业三新工程项目[SX(2012)101]
江苏省"333高层次人才培养工程"项目(20111205)
关键词
超级杂交稻
麦秸还田
干湿交替灌溉
物质运转
产量特性
super hybrid rice
wheat straw residue to field
alternate wetting and moderate soil drying
remobiliza tion
yield characteristic
