摘要
为进一步了解城市不同区域间大气降尘中重金属含量及其差异性,沿城市走向梯度布设降尘采样点采集样品。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)仪测定样品中Cu、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb和As等重金属含量,并计算富集因子来判断不同区域间的污染源类型,通过因子分析方法探讨污染的来源。结果显示,所测重金属元素中除Mn外,均受到人为源的影响,且十分严重。从贡献率来看,不同区域间第一因子的贡献率虽有差异,但均为来自土壤的风沙扬尘造成;第二因子的贡献率也不尽相同,主要是燃煤产生的污染;第三因子出现了差异,市南区和市北区主要是受金属冶炼的影响,而市中区的影响可能来自垃圾焚烧;市南区未出现第四因子,而市中区和市北区的污染源也不相同。分析表明,城市大气降尘污染依然严重,做好防控风沙和建筑扬尘,减少煤炭消耗,调整能源结构和产业布局是整体减少大气降尘的关键。
In order to make clear the content of heavy metals in atmospheric dust of Urumqi and its regional difference, several sampling sites of atmospheric dust were gradient distributed in different area of Urumqi city. Induc- tively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） was adopted to determine the Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd,Pb and As content in atmospheric dust, the enrichment factor was calculated to determine the types of pollution source in different area,and factor analysis was applied to analyze the source of heavy mental pollution. The results showed that the detected heavy metals in atmospheric dust were apparently affected by human activity except Mn. From the view of contribution rate, the first factor of different region was different, while they all caused by sand dust from the soil; the main contributor of second factor was coal consumption, its contribution to different area was also different;The third factor appeared difference in diHerent area, for south and north area of Urumqi,it was mainly af- fected by metal smelting, while in middle area, it might be caused by waste incineration. There was no fourth factor in south area,and the pollution source of fourth factor in middle and north area was different. Prevention of sand and building dust, reducing of coal consumption and adjustment of energy structure and industrial distribution were the key to the overall control of atmospheric dust.
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第8期19-23,共5页
Environmental Pollution & Control
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.41161074)
