摘要
目的了解深圳市福田区企业人类工效学现状及流水线作业劳动者人类工效学负荷、肌肉骨骼疾患现状。方法对辖区内20家小型企业进行人类工效学现场巡检,并对流水作业生产线上492名劳动者进行人类工效学负荷及肌肉骨骼疾患进行问卷调查。结果人类工效学巡检项目符合率为53.93%,港资企业在物料存放和运输、工作台、生产设备安全、照明等的符合率高于私营企业(P<0.05或P<0.01);流水线作业劳动者以长时间坐位工作、长时间同一姿势工作、上臂手指每分钟多次做同一动作、经常用手或臂取物、手腕长时间弯曲、手保持在肩及以下水平、经常稍微弯腰、经常稍微转身、颈部长时间前倾等负荷为主;流水线作业劳动者中,症状阳性率较高的身体部位为背部(39.02%)、肩肘部(38.21%),膝盖及以下部位最低(5.89%)。结论企业对人类工效学措施未给予足够重视,流水线作业劳动者背部、肩肘部、颈部、手腕/手掌疼痛等症状与其作业中相应部位典型工效学危险活动或姿势有关,应针对劳动者作业特点积极采取工效学手段进行干预。
[ Objective ] To know the ergonomics status of enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen City, assess the ergonomics load and occupational musculoskeletal disorders （OMDS） of the pipelining laborers. [ Methods ] The field ergonomic inspection was con- ducted in 20 small enterprises, and the questionnaire survey was applied to investigate the ergonomics load and OMDS of 492 pipe- lining laborers. [ Results] The ergonomics item coincidence rate was 53.93%, and the coincidence rates of material storage and transportation, worktable, safety of production equipment, and lighting in the Hong Kong enterprises were higher than those in the private enterprises （P 〈 O. 05 or P 〈 O. 01 }. The ergonomics load of pipelining laborers mainly included long-term sitting posture, long-term keeping the same posture, arm and fingers do the same action many times in a minute, using hand or arm to fetch, long- term keeping the wrist bending, keeping hands at shoulder level and below, frequent slightly bent over, frequent slightly turned, and long-term keeping neck forerake. The results showed that OMSD in these workers primarily occurred in back { 39.2% } and shoulder （38.21% }, and occurred rarely in the site of knee and lower. [ Conclusion] The enterprises have not paid enough atten- tion to the ergonomic measures. The OMSD in back, shoulder and elbow, neck, as well as wrist and palm among pipelining labor- ers are related to the ergonomic risk actions and postures of the corresponding parts during operation. It is necessary to carry out the ergonomic measures according to the operation characteristics.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2014年第16期2230-2232,共3页
Occupation and Health
基金
深圳市福田区科技创新局立项项目(项目编号:FTWS201216)
关键词
人类工效学
职业性肌肉骨骼疾患
职业卫生
Ergonomics
Occupational musculoskeletal disorders （OMDS）
Occupational health
