摘要
以涞水县龙泉山4年生麻核桃树为试材,观察了麻核桃的物候期,研究了不同麻核桃品种的花粉特性,以探明不同麻核桃品种的物候期及花粉特性。结果表明：11个麻核桃品种中＂白狮子头＂、＂四座楼＂、＂山西官帽＂、＂承德官帽＂、＂大狮子头＂、＂公子帽＂为雄先型,＂满天星＂、＂九度官帽＂为雌先型;＂南疆石＂、＂盘龙纹＂、＂大官帽＂未见雄花;物候期调查显示,＂满天星＂（04.29-05.04）、＂九度官帽＂（04.30-05.03）、＂苹果园＂（04.27-05.02）雄花盛花期,与＂白狮子头＂（05.01-05.04）、＂四座楼＂（04.30-05.03）、＂山西官帽＂（04.30-05.02）、＂承德官帽＂（05.03-05.06）、＂苹果园＂（05.02-05.04）雌花盛花期相遇;＂白狮子头＂（04.25-04.29）、＂四座楼＂（04.25-04.30）、＂山西官帽＂（04.22-04.27）、＂承德官帽＂（04.23-04.27）、＂大狮子头＂（04.26-04.29）、＂公子帽＂（04.25-04.29）雄花盛花期与＂满天星＂（04.25-04.27）、＂九度官帽＂的（04.26-04.28）雌花盛花期相遇。自然条件下麻核桃花粉的生活力为7.98%-24.53%,畸形率为12.0%-33.6%;麻核桃花粉的保存时间越短花粉生活力越高。以＂满天星＂、＂苹果园＂、＂大官帽＂、＂白狮子头＂、＂山西官帽＂、＂承德官帽＂和＂四座楼＂为母本的授粉组合中,坐果率最高的授粉组合其坐果率分别为6.91%、11.45%、20.31%、17.46%、10.93%、12.91%、30.30%,均高于相应的自然授粉的坐果率。与母本对应的最佳父本分别为：＂磨盘狮子头＂、＂承德官帽＂、＂红狮子头＂、＂四座楼＂、＂公子帽＂、＂大狮子头＂和＂山西官帽＂。
Four-year-old Juglans hopeiensis Hu trees that planted in I.ongquan hill of Laishui county were used as rnaterils ,the phenoiogieal period and pollen characteristics of different Juglans hopeiensis Hu cultivars were researched, in order to prove up the phenological period and pollen characteristics of different Juglans hopeiensis Hu varieties. The resuhs showed that among 11 Juglans hopeiensis Hu varieties,‘ Bai Shizitou＇, ‘Sizuolou’,‘ Shanxi Guanmao ’,‘ Chengde Guanmao＇,‘Da Shizitou＇ and ‘Gongzimao＇ are male flowers bloom first, ‘Mantianxing＇ and ‘Jiudu Guannmo＇ were female flower bloom first;‘Nanjiangshi＇, ‘Panlongwen＇ and ‘Daguanmao＇ had no male flower; The male flowers fullbloom stage of ‘ Mantianxing ＇ （04. 29 -05.02 ）, ‘ Jiudu Guanmao ＇ （04. 30 - 05.03 ）, ‘ Pingguoyuan＇ （04. 27 - 05. 02 ） consistent with the female flowers full-bloom stage of ‘Bai Shizitou’（05. 01-05.04）,‘Sizuolou＇（04. 30-05. 03）,‘Shanxi Guanmao’ （04. 30405.02）, ‘Chengde Guanmao’ （05. 03-05.06）and ‘ Pingguoyuan’ （05.02-05. 04） ;The male flowers full-bloom stage of ‘Bai Shizitou’ （04. 25-04. 29）, ‘ Sizuolou＇ （04. 25 -04. 30）, ‘ Shanxi Guanmao’ （04. 22 -04. 27）, ‘Chengde Guanmao＇ （04. 23-04. 27）, ‘Da Shizitou’ （04. 26-04. 29）,‘ Gongzimao＇ （04. 25-04. 29） consistent with the female flowers full-bloom stage of ‘Mantianxing’ （04. 25-04. 27）and ‘Jiudu Guanmao＇ （04. 26-04. 28）. The pollen＇s viability of Juglanshopeiensis Hu cultivars was 7. 98%-24. 53% and aberration rate was 12.0%-33. 6% under natural conditions;the shorter storage time, the higher pollen＇s viability in Juglans hopeiensis Hu cultivars. If the female parent was ‘ Mantianxing ＇, ‘ Pingguoyuan＇, ‘ Daguanmao ＇, ‘ Bai Shizitou ＇, ‘ Shanxi Guanmao ＇, ‘ Chengde Guanmao ＇ and ‘ Sizuolou＇, the best match of the male parent was ‘ Mopanshizitou＇, ‘ Chengde Guanmao＇, ‘Hong Shizitou
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第15期17-21,共5页
Northern Horticulture
基金
国家林业公益专项资助项目(201004093)
河北省科技支撑资助项目(14236811D)
关键词
麻核桃
物候期
花粉
生活力
授粉
J uglans hopeiensis Hu
phenology
pollen
viability
pollination
