摘要
目的：了解安阳市常住居民吸烟行为、危害认知及烟草相关知识的流行水平，判断烟草流行的变化趋势，以便制订合理、可行的控烟对策。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，于2010年安阳市5个行政区的中等规模社区（人口数1000~2000）中各选2个社区，从被选定的10个社区中抽取≥15岁常住（﹥6个月）居民4298名。调查问卷参考全国行为危险因素调查中使用的与吸烟相关的危险行为调查表设计。调查内容包括人口学信息、吸烟行为、对烟草危害的认识等。结果共发放问卷4298份，收回问卷4252份。被调查者中男2069名（48.67%），吸烟数1238名（59.83%）；女2183名（51.33%），吸烟数56名（2.62%）。男性总吸烟率高于女性（ P﹤0.05）；男性45~54岁者吸烟率高于其他年龄段者（P﹤0.05）；女性≥65岁者吸烟率高于其他年龄段者（P﹤0.05）。男性吸烟人群在不同职业间吸烟率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），其中体力劳动者和其他人群较高，学生最低；在不同文化程度间吸烟率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），其中小学及以下最高，大专及以上最低；在不同婚姻状况间吸烟率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），其中离婚最高，未婚最低。91.70%和91.79%的被调查者均了解烟草中含有尼古丁和烟焦油有害物质，不同年龄知晓率比较，差异无统计学意义（ P﹥0.05）；仅有2.02%的被调查者接受烟草相关教育，而且均分布在15~54岁。被调查者中有医生525名，学生479名，体力劳动者398名，医生对吸烟与疾病是否相关认知正确率最高，体力劳动者最低（ P﹤0.05）。结论目前世界范围内的控烟形势对中小城市触动不明显，人们对吸烟有害健康的认知还很缺乏，实现相关知识的普及和控烟，需要长期专业力量的支撑和全社会的努力。
Objective To understand the smoking behavior,hazard recognition and tobacco related knowledge of per-manent residents in Anyang. Methods 4 298 permanent people ≥15 years of age in Anyang were surveyed by multi stage ran-domized cluster sampling method. Questionnaire referred smoking-related risk behavior in nationwide survey of behavioral risk factors. The survey involved demographic information,smoking behavior,awareness on the dangers of tobacco. Results 4 298 questionnaires were distributed,4 252 questionnaires were recovered. 2 069 respondents were male（48. 67%）,1 238 people were smoking（59. 83%）;2 183 respondents were female（51. 33%）,56 people were smoking（2. 62%）. The total smoking rate in male was higher than that of female（P﹤0. 05）;the smoking rate in 45-54 years of male was higher than that of other ages（P﹤0. 05）;the smoking rate ≥65 years of female was higher than that of other ages（P﹤0. 05）. The smoking rate of male in different occupations showed significant differences（P﹤0. 05）,laborer and other populations were higher,student was lowest;the smoking rate in different education levels showed significantly differences（P﹤0. 05）,primary and below were high-est,college and above were lowest;the smoking rate in different marital status showed significant differences（P﹤0. 05）,di-vorce was highest,unmarried was lowest. 91. 70% and 91. 79% respondents understanded that tobacco contained nicotine and tobacco tar,the awareness in different ages showed no significant difference（P﹥0. 05）;only 2. 02% respondents accepted to-bacco related education,and distributed in 15-54 years. 525 respondents were doctors,479 respondents were students,398 respondents were laborers,the recognition accuracy of relationship between smoking and related diseases in doctors was highest, laborers was lowest（P﹤0. 05）. Conclusion The world tobacco control situtation for small and medium-sized city touch is not obvious,people＆#39;s on the health hazards of smoking cogni
出处
《实用心脑肺血管病杂志》
2014年第8期66-68,共3页
Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease
基金
安阳市科技项目(201103a020)
关键词
吸烟
戒烟
数据收集
城市居民
Smoking
Anyang
Date collection
Urban population
