摘要
采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对上海崇明岛水稻生产能源消耗和温室效应两类环境影响进行了分析研究。该LCA模型由水稻生产原料部分、农资部分和种植部分三个子系统组成,分段进行了清单分析和计算。结果表明,每生产1 t崇明岛水稻的能耗为4 039.32 MJ,能量耗竭环境影响指数为0.001 6;二氧化碳排放当量为973.11 kg,温室效应环境影响指数为0.141 7。造成水稻生产能量消耗的主要原因是施用过量的尿素,而造成水稻生产碳足迹的主要原因是水稻生长过程中CH4和N2O的排放,以及尿素的施用。情景分析建议采用测土施肥的方法提高N的利用效率,改进耕作方式以减少温室气体的排放。LCA方法不仅可以认识水稻生产的环境影响,还能够确认水稻生产过程中降低能耗和碳足迹的关键所在。
Rice production consumes large amount of energy and releases greenhouse gases. Here we used Life Cycle Assessment（LCA）to evaluate energy consumption and greenhouse effect in rice production in Chongming Island, Shanghai. The LCA model included three sub-systems of raw materials acquisition and transportation, agricultural materials production and transportation, and cultivation. Inventory anal-ysis and calculation were performed. Producing one ton of rice consumed 4 039.32 MJ of primary energy with environmental impact indices of 0.001 6, and emitted 973.11 kg of CO2 equivalent with environmental impact indices of 0.141 7. The energy consumption was mainly caused by excessive urea fertilization, and carbon footprint was mainly from CH4 and N2O emissions and urea fertilization as well during rice cultivation. Improvement of N utilization efficiency by applying fertilizers from soil testing and reduction of greenhouse gas emission via de-veloping new rice cropping systems are two keys to alleviating environmental impacts during rice production. LCA has proved to be an effec-tive tool for understanding the environmental impacts of Chongming rice and addressing key issues in mitigating energy consumption and carbon footprint of rice production.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期1254-1260,共7页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2010BAK69B15)
上海科委科技崇明专项(10dz1200602)
关键词
生命周期评价
清单分析
崇明岛
水稻
碳足迹
能耗
Life Cycle Assessment（LCA）
inventory analysis
Chongming Island
rice
carbon footprint
energy consumption
