摘要
板块俯冲作用是板块运动的重要形式,其在板块边缘产生以弧盆体系为特征的地质构造单元及相关的成矿作用,如火山弧及相关的斑岩型铜矿床、弧后盆地及相关的火山岩赋存块状硫化物矿床等。板块俯冲边界形成的矿床多具有规模大、带状聚集分布,金属种类多样和易开采等特点,对全球铜、金、铁等资源储量贡献巨大。近些年来俯冲边界成矿作用取得了很多进展,如:基本建立了斑岩及浅成低温成矿模式和勘查模型;确认了古今VMS型成矿系统并建立相应的成矿模式;重新确立了一些与俯冲作用相关的新矿床类型等。但是,俯冲边界成矿作用仍然存在较多的科学问题,如:斑岩铜矿的成矿机制,特别是成矿背景、成矿岩浆作用的特点、金属来源和萃取机理等方面争议较大;不同俯冲边界(如环太平洋安第斯、西南太平洋、北美西部、中国东部等成矿带)成矿差异性机制以及古弧盆体系后期改造的过程与影响等。这些尚未解决的科学问题正引领着俯冲边界成矿作用研究的前沿。
Subduction is one of the major tectonic components on the Earth and commonly produced volcanic arc-back basin systems and associated ore deposits, such as arc-related porphyry Cu and back basin-related VMS deposits. These deposits usually have large size, clustering distribution and easily to be mined and thus make a significant contribution for metals production. In the past decades, remarkable progresses have been achieved, e.g., establishment of ore-forming models of porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits;identification of ancient and modern seafloor VMS mineralization systems and associated deposit models; confirmation of some new-defined deposit types. However, some critical issues are still hotly argued, e.g., ore-forming mechanism of porphyry Cu deposits, particularly focusing on tectonic background, distinguishing between mineralized and barren intrusions, metal sources and processes for metals extracting and movement;mechanism for variable mineralization attitude on different subduction margins （e. g., Andes, SW Pacific, North America and Eastern China belts along the Pacific subduction margins） ; and overlapping and modification of ancient arc- back basin metallogenic systems. These arguments are indeed showing the major “hotpots” for the future studies of metallogenesis on the subduction margins.
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期13-22,共10页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家重点基础研究计划"973"项目"新疆北部古弧盆体系成矿机理"(2014CB440802)
关键词
俯冲板块边界
成矿作用
成矿系统
成矿模式
subduction zone metallogenesis mineralization system deposit model
