摘要
目的了解北京市通州区居民对流感知识知晓情况及流感疫苗接种情况。方法采用多阶段系统抽样的方法,在该区25个村/居委会中各抽取86人作为调查对象,采用自填和询问相结合的方式进行调查。对回收的问卷应用EpiData数据库进行双录入,对调查对象的基本人口学资料、各项流感知晓的知晓率、流感疫苗接种情况及其影响因素进行应用SPSS 13.0进行分析。结果共回收有效问卷2 341份,通州区居民对流感相关知识的正确知晓率分别为89.83%、64.63%、79.92%、50.23%和82.44%。不同性别调查对象流感知识知晓情况进行χ2检验,差异均无统计学意义;不同年龄、不同受教育程度调查对象的流感知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义。2007～2010年通州区流感疫苗接种率分别为9%、14%、19%和15%,43%的人从未接种过流感疫苗。影响疫苗接种的原因主要包括：觉得身体好,没必要注射（占34.36%）、没时间（占14.34%）、价钱太贵（占12.51%）、觉得会对身体产生不良影响（占10.73%）、不相信注射后能达到预防流感的效果（10.62%）。结论通州区居民流感相关知识知晓率较高,但不同年龄、不同受教育程度人群间差异较大。2007～2010年流感疫苗接种情况及其影响因素与北京市总体情况基本一致。
Objective To understand the awareness rate of influenza prevention and control knowledge and the level of flu vaccination coverage among residents in Tongzhou district. Methods Multi-stage systematic sampling method was used in this study. 25 neighborhood committees were selected in this district and 86 people were recruited from each committee. The information of respondents was collected and recorded through questionnaire and EpiData. Data including demographic information,all kinds of flu knowledge awareness rates,vaccination coverage and its influencing factors were analyzed by SPSS13. 0 software. Results Among 2341 valid questionnaires,the rates of influenza relative knowledge were 89. 83%,64. 63%,79. 92%,50. 23% and 82. 44% respectively. The rates in residents with different genders had no significant difference. However,the rates in residents with different ages and education backgrounds had significant difference. The coverage rates of influenza vaccination were 9%,14%,19% and 15% during 2007 to 2010,respectively. Meanwhile,43% of residents had never vaccinated against influenza during the four years. Reasons for non-vaccination mentioned by respondents were less possible to catch flu,no enough time to get vaccination,expensive vaccination fee,afraid of side-effects and questioning about effectiveness,which accounted for 34. 36%,14. 34%,12. 51%,10. 73% and 10. 62% respectively.Conclusion The awareness rates of flu among residents in Tongzhou District were higher. However,there were significant difference among persons with various ages and education backgrounds. The status of vaccination and reasons for non-vaccination were consistent with the overall situation in Beijing.
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2014年第3期120-123,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
