摘要
目的探讨甲缩醛检测的方法及调查甲缩醛职业暴露情况,为职业健康提供指导。方法用气相色谱法,随机抽取3次样品,测定混料预热车间、预反应车间、催化精馏车间、冷凝灌装车间的甲缩醛阈限值—时间加权平均(TLV-TWA)值。以2009年职业暴露情况为对照,于2010年初即对工人进行安全培训,加强制度管理,测量工人2010—2012年职业暴露发生率,并计算工作岗位、暴露方式、暴露地点的分别构成情况。结果甲缩醛在冷凝灌装车间空气中的TLV-TWA值为2 567 ppm,显著高于其他车间(P<0.05);2009—2012年,单位职业暴露发生率依次为6.63%、4.63%、3.87%、3.63%,其中2011—2012年职业暴露率与2009年相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.12、7.40,均P<0.05);与其他车间相比,主要暴露场所是冷凝灌装车间职业暴露76人,占50.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论气相色谱可以应用于工作场所空气中甲缩醛的测定。通过加强管理,提高安全意识,可以有效地降低甲缩醛的职业暴露率,并且为寻找重点防护车间、重点预防暴露途径提供参考,为预防工厂职业暴露发生提供了新思路、新途径。
[Objective]To discuss the detection method of methylal and investigate the occupational exposed conditions,provide guide for occupational health. [Methods] Gas chromatography was adopted,samples were randomly selected three times,the threshold limit value-time weighted average（ TLV-TWA） of methylal in mixed material preheating workshop,pre-reaction workshop,catalytic distillation workshop and congealed filling workshop were detected. The occupational exposed condition in 2009 was as control,the safety training was carried out among workers at the beginning of 2010,systematic management was strengthened,the incidence of occupational exposure from 2010-2012 was measured,and the constituting condition of posts,exposed way and exposed sites were calculated.[Results]The TLV-TWA of methylal in the air of congealed filling workshop was 2 567 ppm,significantly higher than that of other workshops（ P 0. 05）. From 2009-2012,the incidence of occupational exposure were 6. 63%,4. 63%,3. 87% and 3. 63%. Compared with 2009,the incidence of occupational exposure from 2011-2012 decreased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ2= 6. 12,7. 40,P 0. 05）. Compared with other workshops,the congealed filling workshop as main exposed site accounted for 50. 67%,and the difference was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）.[Conclusion]The gas chromatography can be applied to detect the methylal in air of workshop. By strengthening management and improving the safety awareness can effectively reduce the occupational exposed rate,provide the reference for finding key protective plant and preventive exposed way,provide new ideas and ways for preventing the occuring of occupational exposure.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2014年第14期1919-1921,共3页
Occupation and Health
基金
深圳市龙岗区医疗卫生类科技项目(项目编号:ys2011011)
关键词
甲缩醛
职业暴露
气相色谱
Methylal
Occupational exposure
Gas chromatography
