摘要
在清末民初的共和主义思想潮流中 ,章太炎力拒时贤普遍认同的以“代议制”为表征的西方式现代民主共和政体 ,主张应根据中国历史发展的内在逻辑创设一个有别于西方诸国的“第三种”共和政体。此一共和政体以五权分立与制衡 (立法、行政、司法、教育、监察 )为其运作形式 ,以“损上益下”、“抑强辅微”为其内在精神 ,充满了浓厚的“民粹主义”色彩。章氏由于拒斥“代议制” ,将“公民主权”落实在卢梭意义的“公意”上 ,以“法治” (体现“公共利益”的统治 )与“道德”作为其创设的共和政体的根干 ,导致了其向古典共和主义理想的趋附 ,使其创设的“第三种”共和政体有着明显的乌托邦色彩。
When the concept of Republicanism swept across China in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,Zhang Taiyan denounced the commonly accepted modern Democratic Republic characterized by the 'Representative System' in the West.Zhang,on the basis of the inner login of the Chinese history,strongly advocated a 'Third Republic' functioned by the separation of five powers (i.e.the legislative,executive,judicial,educational and supervisory powers)in the spirit of 'jeopardizing the upper class while benefiting the lower one' and 'checking the strong and assisting the weak.'Thus it was inevitably featured by its idea of 'National Quintessence'.The fact that Zhang denounced the 'Representative System',embodied the 'civilian sovereignty' in the Public Will put forward by Jean Rousseau and rooted the establishment of the Third Republic in the 'Rule of Law'(rule in the interest of the public)and 'Morality'bordered Zhangs idea of Republic on the classical ideal of Republic.Thus the 'Third Republic' formulated by Zhang became Utopian.
出处
《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2002年第3期6-12,共7页
Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
关键词
章太炎
'第三种'
共和政体
分权制衡
古典古和
公意
法治
道德
Zhang Taiyan,the Third Republic,the separation of powers,classical ideal of republic,public will,rule of law,morality
