摘要
目的 了解重质芳烃的毒性及致突变性。方法 选用大鼠、豚鼠及家兔 ,采用经口、呼吸道及皮肤、粘膜染毒途径 ,研究其急性毒性和蓄积性。同时用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、人体外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换 (SCE)试验及小鼠精子畸形试验进行致突变性研究。结果 重质芳烃的大鼠经口LD50 为 3 160mg/kg ,急性中毒表现为发抖、嗜睡、活动减少、腹泻、食欲不振直至死亡 ;家兔皮肤及眼刺激强度为轻度刺激性 ;豚鼠皮肤变态反应试验为中等致敏性 ;大鼠蓄积系数 2 2 4为强蓄积性 ,病理呈现以肺出血为主要致死原因的多器官损害。Ames试验阴性 ;在 3 16～ 15 80mg/kg剂量范围小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著增高 (P <0 0 1) ;在S9存在下 ,人外周血SCE频率较对照组显著增高 (P <0 0 1) ;小鼠精子畸形率在 15 80mg/kg下显著增高 (P <0 0 1)。结论 重质芳烃不仅是强蓄积、中等致敏性物质 ,且 3种遗传毒性试验呈阳性反应 ,具有间接致突变性 ,对其职业性接触及应用的安全性应予高度重视。
Objective To understand the toxicity and mutagenicity of heavyweight aromatic hydrocarbon(HAH).Methods Rats,guinea pigs and rabbits were used in exposure to HAH via oral,inhalant,percutaneous route to study its acute and accumulation toxicity,as well as its mutagenicity,such as Ames test,polychromatophil micronucleus(PCMN)test,peripheral sister chromatid exchange(SCE)and deformity of sperms.Results Oral half lethal dose(LD 50 )of HAH was 3 160 mg/kg in rats,and tremor,drowsiness,inactivity,diarrhea,anorexia,until death in rats,mild skin and eye irritation in rabbits,moderate skin allergy in guinea pigs,with acute poisoning.Accumulation coefficient of HAH was 2 24,categorized as a strong accumulation.Autopsy for dead animals showed underlying cause of death was multiorgan damage,focused on pulmonary bleeding.Ames test was negative in all dosage groups.PCMN increased significantly in mice exposed to 316～ 1 580 mg/kg of HAH,and SCE in peripheral blood increased significantly in comparison with controls(P<0 01)with S9.Deformity of sperms in mice increased significantly at dose of 1 580 mg/kg of HAH.Conclusions HAH was a toxic substance with strong accumulation,moderate sensitization and positive in three genotoxic tests,reflecting its indirect mutagenicity.So,it is necessary to pay more attention to its safety in occupational exposure to HAH.
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2002年第1期15-18,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
关键词
重质芳烃
毒性
致突变性
Heavyweight aromatic hydrocarbon
Toxicity
Mutagenicity
