摘要
本文就动物转基因与核移植技术进行文献回顾。原核注射是一种可靠、使用广泛的动物转基因方法。但该方法存在花费时间长、整合效率低及不能定点整合的问题。所以近年来出现了一些新的转基因方法 ,包括精子介导、反转录病毒介导、携带外源基因体细胞的核移植、ES细胞基因打靶技术等。这些方法中动物核移植技术贡献较大 ,很有前途。核移植技术解决了同源重组在大动物上的限制。可以应用于生物制药动物保种、预防遗传病、辅助生殖及治疗性克隆。
The present review has two goals. First, to offer an overview of recent advances in the technical strategies applied to the production of transgenic animals, and second, to review application of nuclear transfer technology. Microinjection of DNA constructs into pronuclei of zygotes has been the method of choice for the generation of transgenic livestock. However, this procedure is characterized by low efficiency (1 4% transgenic offspring), random integration and variable expression of the transgene as well as a considerable proportion of mosaicism. Furthermore, it is extremely time consuming and costly. As a consequence, some new approaches have been used. These include sperm mediated DNA transfer, retroviral mediated DNA transfer into oocytes, somatic cell carrying exogenous genes nuclear transfer, the use of embryonic stem(ES) cell. Cloning and transgenic animal production have been greatly enhanced by the development of nuclear transfer technology. With the nuclear transfer technology one can now create some domestic animals with specific genetic modifications. An ever expanding variety of cell types have been successfully used as donors to create the clones. Transgenic sheep and cattle obtained through nuclear transfer are now a reality, opening up a means of ruminant transgenic production with an efficiency that entitles us to consider it a serious alternative to microinjection. Nuclear transfer also consistently reduces the time needed to establish a transgenic production herd, and what is more important, it opens up the way to homologous recombination in large species, which at the moment is restricted to mice. Cloning has a number of potential applications in human medicine and animal breeding. However, there is a gradual demand for commercial application for cloning in animal production, transgenesis and animal biopharmaceuticals, particularly in milk. Important applications may be demonstrated for prevention of the inheritance of mitochondrial mutations, prevention of age related aneuploidis in wom
出处
《动物医学进展》
CSCD
2002年第3期24-29,共6页
Progress In Veterinary Medicine
关键词
动物
核移植技术
转基因技术
显微注射
transgenic technique
microinjection
animal clone
nuclear transfer