摘要
陆地表面控制着水和能量通量的分配,在气候系统中起着至关重要的作用。石漠化地区大量岩石裸露于地表,深刻影响着局部的小气候动态。为揭示裸岩引发的环境效应,采用模拟试验开展了裸岩表面温度和空气温湿度动态变化规律研究。结果表明:石漠化地区太阳辐射强烈,其日变化呈抛物线分布,在13:30—14:00达到最大值;辐射时间和辐射峰值随季节变化表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,太阳辐射总量的年际变化表现为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;岩石表面温度伴随太阳辐射同步增温,岩石表面增温快、降温较慢;岩石表面温度与其上2、5、10、20 cm处空气温度差异显著(P<0.05),岩石具有显著的加热效应;岩石上部2、5、10、20 cm处空气相对湿度的日变化均呈U型分布,最小值出现在16:30—17:00;空气相对湿度在20 cm处最高(P<0.01),表明岩石表层20 cm以内的空气相对湿度较小;空气相对湿度季节变化表现为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;在石漠化植被恢复过程的早期,应采取适宜的速生植物,尽快对裸岩形成遮荫以减少其加热作用,促进小气候的改善以促进植被恢复治理工作。
Land surface regulates the distribution of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a critical role in the climate system. A large number of rocks in the karst rocky desertification( KRD) area are exposed to the air,which deeply affects microclimate. To reveal the environmental effects of bare rocks,the dynamics of rock surface temperature( ST),air temperature( AT)and relative humidity( RH) were examined by simulation experiment. The results showed intense solar radiation in the KRD area,with a parabolic-shaped diurnal variation and peaked at 13: 30-14: 00. The duration and intensity of radiation varied with seasons,as summer > spring > autumn> winter. The total amount of solar radiation varied as follows: spring > summer > autumn > winter. The ST rose with the increases of solar radiation. Compared to the air,the rock surface was heated faster and cooled slower. There were significant differences between the ST and the AT( all P<0.05) at 2,5,10,and 20 cm above the rock surface,implying that the bare rocks had a heating effect. The diurnal distribution of RH showed a U-shape at 2,5,10,and 20 cm above the rock surface,with the minimum values at 16: 30-17: 00. The RH at 20 cm was the highest( P < 0.01),and was lower when closer to the rock surface. The seasonal dynamics of RH was summer > autumn > winter > spring. Fast-growing plants are recommended in the early stage of vegetation restoration,which could shade the bare rocks,reduce the heating effect quickly,and improve the microclimate. Our findings are of significance for ecological restoration in KRD areas.
作者
李生
薛亮
王佳
任华东
姚小华
冷秀汇
武泽宇
LI Sheng;XUE Liang;WANG Jia;REN Hua dong;YAO Xiao-hua;LENG Xiu-hui;WU Ze-yu(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Fuyang 311400,Zhejiang,China;puding Karst Rocky Desertification Ecosystem Research Station,Puding 562100,Guizhou,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期436-442,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(31470632)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502605-3)
浙江省科技计划项目(2016C32028)资助
关键词
石漠化
小气候
太阳辐射
岩石温度
空气相对湿度
加热作用
karst rocky desertification
microclimate
solar radiation
rock surface temperature
air relative humidity
heating effect.
