摘要
将超级电容器和锂/钠离子电池进行"内部交叉",即在双电层电容器中加入锂/钠离子电池材料,或在锂/钠离子电池中添加以双电层储能的活性炭电极材料,将两者的优点有机结合于一体,构筑锂/钠离子混合电容器,已引起了广泛的研究和开发.本文对锂/钠离子电容器的工作原理、发展状况、瓶颈问题和改进方法进行了简要介绍,结合近几年的文献报道,按照电极材料的类别,重点对比评述了同一类电极材料的储锂/钠性能及对应的锂/钠离子电容器的主要研究结果.钠离子的半径较大,导致同一电极材料在有机钠盐电解液中的初始比容量和倍率性能低于其在有机锂盐电解液中的性能.通过开发具有大层间距、分级多孔、表面掺杂、3D结构或多组分复合结构来提高电容型多孔炭材料的比容量,以及构筑特殊形貌(纳米片/棒、同轴纳米电缆、核壳、海胆、中空等)、金属掺杂、二元或三元复合结构来提高储锂/钠电极材料的动力学特性,可弥补正负电极储能容量和动力学的差异,从而实现高的能量密度、功率密度和长循环稳定性.最后,本文还对锂/钠离子电容器的发展进行了总结和展望.
Lithium/sodium ion capacitors have been widely studied because they can combine the advanges of supercpacitors and lithium/sodium ion batteries. They have higher energy density than conventional capacitors and higher power density than lithium/sodium ion batteries. In this review, the working principle, development status,bottleneck problem and improvement method of lithium/sodium ion capacitors are introduced. We mainly focus on the comparion of the lithium/sodium storage properties of the same kind of electrode materials and the performance of the corresponding lithium/sodium ion capacitors. We also point out the recent R&D process that is mainly focus on the improvement on the capacity and kinetics imbalance between the positive and negative electrodes, and the aims are to construct high-performance lithium/sodium ion batteries having high energy density, high power density and long cycle stability. Finally, the future development of lithium/sodium ion capacitors is summarized and prospected.
作者
郎俊伟
张旭
杨兵军
李红霞
阎兴斌
Junwei Lang;Xu Zhang;Bingjun Yang;Hongxia Li;Xingbin Yan(Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials,Qingdao 266071,China;School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)
出处
《中国科学：化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期1478-1513,共36页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:21673263
21573265
21805291)
甘肃省自然科学基金(编号:18JR3RA389
1606RJYA258)
青岛市自主创新计划(编号:16-5-1-42-jch)
中国科学院西部青年学者项目资助
关键词
锂离子电容器
钠离子电容器
不对称电容器
能量密度
功率密度
lithium ion capacitor
sodium ion capacitor
asymmetric supercapacitor
energy density
power density
